三孔导游词（精选26篇）

三孔导游词 篇1

　　尊敬的各位游客:

　　大家好!欢迎来到圣地曲阜!我是你们的导游陈柯润,大家叫我小陈就可以了。今天,就由我来带领你们游览中外闻名的三孔:孔府、孔庙、孔林。孔子有句名言:“有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?” 我有幸担任导游,十分高兴!我将尽力为大家服好务,如有不足之处,请指出来,我一定尽量改正!

　　进入孔府的大门,由此向后分为三路,东路建有一贯堂、慕思堂等;西路是孔府当年接待贵宾和读书习礼的地方，有忠恕堂、安怀堂、花厅等; 中路大部分都是孔府的主要建筑，前半部分是官衙，后半部分是内宅。

　　孔庙本是孔氏家庭的家庙，庙内有孔子亲手栽种的桧树，主要建筑是大成殿，殿前有著名的九龙柱和杏坛，后因为孔子受到尊崇，许多封建帝王都到这里来祭祀孔子，现在，我们济宁市政府举办的一年一度的“国际孔子文化节”也都是在这里揭开序幕。

　　孔林是孔子家里的专用墓地，也是世界上历时最久、规模最大的家庭墓地，占地3000多亩。林中有数百种树木10万多株，在万木掩映之中，碑石林立，石像成群，十分壮观!

　　好啦，现在开始自由活动三个小时，大家可以自由参观一下，也可以做游戏、购物等，但必须保证卫生，不能乱扔垃圾。

　　参观三孔的活动至此结束，谢谢大家对我工作的支持!期待大家的再次光临!

三孔导游词 篇2

　　山东曲阜是孔子的故乡，山东曲阜的孔庙、孔府、孔林是我国历代纪念孔子的圣地，统称“三孔”。孔夫子生前在此开坛授学，首创儒家文化，而其子孙后代也在此生活繁衍，传承着孔子的文化思想。1994年，“三孔”被联合国列入《世界遗产名录》。

　　山东曲阜“三孔”中的孔庙、孔府都坐落在市中心，孔林则位于城北。孔庙是国内最大的祭祀孔子的庙宇，它是在孔子的故居上改建而成的，可谓全世界孔庙的始祖;孔府曾是数百年来孔子嫡系长期居住的地方，它的规模在国内仅次于故宫;孔林则是孔子及其家族后裔的墓地。

　　孔庙，公元前478年始建，后不断扩建，至今成为一处占地327公顷(1公顷=10^4平方米)的古建筑群，包括三殿、一阁、一坛、三祠、两庑、两堂、两斋、十七亭与五十四门坊，气势宏伟、巨碑林立，堪称宫殿之城。

　　孔府，建于宋代，是孔子嫡系子孙居住之地，西与孔庙毗邻，占地约16公顷，共有九进院落，有厅、堂、楼、轩463间，旧称“衍圣公府”。

　　孔林，亦称“至圣林”，是孔子及其家族的专用墓地，林墙周长7千米，内有古树2万多株，是一处古老的人造园林。

三孔导游词 篇3

　　女士们!先生们!大家好!我叫某某某。今天，由我来带领你们游览“三孔”：孔府·孔庙·孔林。孔子有句名言：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”我有幸担任导游，十分高兴。我将尽力为大家服务，不足之处，请批评改正。 在参观三孔之前，请允许我介绍一下曲阜。曲阜地处鲁中小区和鲁西南平原的交界处。大诗人李白曾描写曲阜：“笑夸故人指绝境，山光水色青如兰”。

　　现在我们参观孔庙。孔庙位于曲阜城中心，是古代人们为了几年孔子生前的伟大思想宽阔的精神品质所建的一座韵味十足的建筑。前后九进院落，占地327.5亩，南北长达1公里;共有建筑466间，54座门坊;加之庙内1700余株古树，一个个直冲云天，听说当时谁敢砍倒一棵，就会以杀头处理。每一棵树，每一个门的名字都含有孔子“仁”的思想。

　　孔府与孔庙毗邻,是孔子嫡系长子长孙居住的府第,三路布局,九进院落,共有建筑463间,加上后花园,共占地240亩。孔府，也称“衍圣公府”。“衍圣”的意思是说“圣道”、“圣裔”能繁衍接续， 进入孔府大门，由此向后孔府分为三路，东路建有一贯堂、慕恩堂、孔氏家庙等;西路是孔府当年接待贵宾和读书习礼的地方，有红萼轩、忠恕堂、安怀堂、花厅等;中路是孔府的主体建筑，前半部为官衙，后半部为内宅。

　　孔林，是孔子家庭的专用墓地，也是世界上延时最久、规模最大的家庭墓地。占地三千多亩。周围垣墙高3米，厚1.5米，长14.5华里。林内有各种树木10万多株，数百种植物。在万木掩映之中，碑石林立，石像成群，十分壮观。 现在自由活动3小时，可以自行游览“三孔”，也可以进行游戏、野餐等活动，但必须保证卫生。 参观“三孔”到此结束了!

三孔导游词 篇4

　　不知道您读没读过《论语》，那上面开篇有一句话叫“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”。那么我就以孔子的这句名言，热烈地欢迎您来孔子的故乡山东曲阜参观游览。下面，就由我陪同各位游览并进行导游服务，非常感谢您的合作，并衷心地希望您对我的工作多提出批评意见。

　　在来山东曲阜之前,许多朋友可能已对山东曲阜和孔子有了不少的了解,但也有的朋友知道的并不十分详细,现在,我就在进入景点之前,先把山东曲阜和孔子的情况简要介绍一下。

　　山东曲阜位于中国山东省西南部，现有人中62万其中城区人口10万，面积约890平方公里。“山东曲阜”二字始见于《尔雅》一书，东汉应邵解释说：鲁城中有阜，委曲长七八里，故名“山东曲阜”。宋真宗大中祥符5年，也就是公元1012年，为了纪念中华民族的始祖轩辕黄帝出生在山东曲阜，曾一度改名“仙源”县，金太宗天会7年(公元1129年)，又复名山东曲阜，沿用至今。山东曲阜是一个小城，然而，山东曲阜又是一座有着五千年文明史的文化古城，在这片神圣而又古老的土地上，中国远古传说中的三皇五帝，竟有四人在这里留下了踪迹。据《史记》、《帝王世纪》等史书记载：“黄帝生于寿丘”，“少昊自穷桑登帝位，称都山东曲阜，崩葬云阳山”，现在山东曲阜城东8里，仍留下座金字塔式的坟墓--少昊陵。中国有句俗话说道“人往高处走，水往低处流”，我们是不是可以理解为我们中华民族的祖先从这里，从黄河中下游向中原，向黄土高原迁徙的过程，而我们的母亲之河，黄河、长江，从黄土高原之上奔腾而下，一泻千里，最后汇入大海呢!中国还有句古话叫“江南出才子，江北出圣人”，实际上，江北的圣人几乎全出自山东曲阜。在中国封建时代，受到皇帝赐封的圣人一共有6位，他们分别为至圣孔子、亚圣孟子、复圣颜子、述圣子思、宗圣曾子、元圣周公，头4位都出生在山东曲阜，后两位一位是孔子的弟子，一位是封地在山东曲阜，周公的后世33代曾在鲁国为国君，至今山东称鲁，即起于此。现在山东曲阜地上地下文物众多，文化灿烂，有国家级文物古迹4处，省级11处，市级100余处。1982年山东曲阜被国务院公布为全国首批24个历史文化名城之一，1994年山东曲阜“三孔”被联合国正式列为世界文化遗产。由于山东曲阜对东方文化的重要贡献，不少人称山东曲阜为世界三大圣城之一：“东方的麦加”。在这里，您不得不沉思，也不能不感奋，因为这里深扎着中华民族的根，深扎着中国传统文化的根。

　　各位朋友，在中国，在东方这片有着五千年文明历史的土地上，你也许读不懂青铜器上的铭文，也许不理解人头兽身表现什么，象征什么。但是，当你走进中国人民的生活，行走在中华民族繁衍生息、劳动创造的古老土地上，你就能感受到、接触到中国人民在日常生活中流露出来的儒家文化的气息，你便能由此体验到中国人民与其他民族迥然不同的生活方式、风土人情和理想道德的差异。无论你从哪个角度，哪个层次去探究中华民族的个性与品格，都不难发现儒家文化的基因，在漫长的历史演进过程中，儒家文化几乎成了中国传统文化的代名词。而儒家文化的创始人，就是孔子。

　　孔子，春秋时代鲁国人，也就是山东曲阜人，名丘，字仲尼，生于公元前551年，死于公元前479年，享年73岁。孔子3岁时，父亲叔梁纥去世，16岁时，母亲颜征在去世，少年孔子成了孤儿，开始了他在等级森严的封建社会中独自谋生、学习和奋斗的一生。

　　孔子少年发奋自学，勤而好问，青年时代便掌握了参与贵族政治必须熟悉的礼、乐、射、御、书、数六艺，进而掌握了《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》、《易》、《春秋》六经的内容，为创立儒家文化奠定了基础。

　　孔子30岁设学授徒，开始了漫长的教育生涯，他首开中国私人讲学、面向民众，提倡“有教无类”之风，成为中国第一位，也是世界上第一位伟大的教育家。

　　孔子51岁时，才做了中都县令，后来曾在鲁摄相事，然而时间不长，他便辞了官，离开鲁国开始了他长达14年的周游列国之行。

　　孔子在68岁时回到鲁国，他把几乎全部精力放在了教学和文献整理上，一直到死。孔子的一生是颠沛流离，饱经忧患的一生，是艰苦卓绝、激励奋发的一生，是春风化雨，培育英才的一生，是著书立说，济时救世的一生。如今，他的躯体虽已灰飞烟灭，但他的思想，却潜入每个东方人的心灵，他熔铸了中华民族的个性和品格，随着历史的发展和社会的进步，孔子还将引导着人类，跨向21世纪。

　　山东曲阜的文物古迹和旅游景点很多，大部分与孔子和孔子文化有关。现在我们所在的位置是山东曲阜明故城的正南门外，城门的北面是被称为中国三大古建筑群之一的孔庙。城门的正上方有“万仞宫墙”4个大字。“仞”是古代的长度单位，一仞约等于8尺。据说，有人称赞孔子的弟子子贡很有学问，子贡听说以后，就说：“人的学问好比宫墙，我的学问只有墙头这么高，人们一看便会看见墙内的一切，而我的老师孔子的这道墙有数仞，不找到它的门是不能看到墙内宗庙之美丽、房舍的多种多样”。后人为表达对孔子的敬仰，明代胡缵宗就写了“万仞宫墙”4个字镶在城门上，清代乾隆皇帝为了显示自己对孔子的崇拜，又把胡碑取下，换上了自己写的“万仞宫墙”4个大字。这就是“万仞宫墙”的来历。

　　孔庙是后人为祭祀孔子而修建的庙宇，始建于孔子死后第2年。面积有327.5亩，仿皇宫之制，分九进院落，左右对称排列，整个建筑群共有五殿、一阁、一坛、两庑、两堂、17座碑亭、54座门坊共466间，南北长约1公里。孔庙恢宏壮丽，面积之大，历史之久，保存之完整，是世界建筑史上的唯一孤例。

　　孔庙大门东墙外面有“官员人等至此下马”的碑刻，过去，任何官员至此，武官要下马，文官要下轿，以表示对孔子的尊重。

　　孔庙的第一座石坊叫“金声玉振坊”。孟子对孔子曾有过这样的评价，他说：“孔子之谓集大成，集大成者，金声而玉振之也”。“金声、玉振”表示奏乐的全过程，以击钟开始，以击磐告终，比喻孔子的思想集古圣先贤之大成。石坊上面莲花宝座上各刻有一个独角怪兽称“辟邪”，也叫“朝天吼”，这是封建社会王爵府第才可使用的饰物。

　　孔庙第一道门叫“棂星门”。“棂星”又名天田星，古人祭天，先要祭棂星。“棂星门”三个字为乾隆所书。“太和元气”坊同“金声玉振”坊差不多，题字为明代山东巡抚曾铣手书，赞颂孔子思想如同天地生育万物。此院东西各有一座腰门，东边上书“德侔天地一样大，他的学说古今来说都是最好的”。这座门叫“圣时门”，由此住里，有博大精深、深不可测之感。“圣时”二字，取《孟子.万章下》，“孔子，圣之时者也”句，意思是说，在圣人之中，孔子是最适合时代者。

　　过圣时门迎面小石桥，叫“璧水桥”，桥两侧偏南各有一座门，东门叫“快睹门”，是先睹为快的意思，西门叫“仰高门”赞颂孔子的学问十分高深。我们进入的大门，称“弘道门”，这三个字取自《论语.卫星公》“人能弘道”的句子，以此来赞颂孔子阐发了尧舜汤和文武周公之“道”。这道门也是明朝洪武十年(1377年)时孔庙的大门。再往后是“大中门”，大中门是宋朝时期孔庙的大门，原名叫“宫和门”，字的意思与孔子中庸之道的主张有关，由此门向南望去，一方面可以看到孔庙的历史沿革，一方面也可以看到孔庙的不断扩大，这些建筑既有清代建筑，也有明代建筑，还有宋代建筑，它们建的时代不同，工匠不同，但都互相配合，相得益彰，构成一体。看孔庙建筑，同时可以看到一部分中国封建社会的发展史。

　　这块碑立于明成化四年(1468年)，因此也叫“成化碑”，它为明宪宗朱见深所立，碑高6米，宽2米多。这块碑的特点是书法精湛，著称于世，并且碑文用论辩形式写成，在极力推崇孔子方面，可以说是之最。大家请看右上角，那上面写道：“联惟孔子之道，有天下者一日不可无焉”，又说：“孔子之道在天下，如布帛粟菽，民生日用不可暂缺”。这碑下面的动物不是乌龟，叫_是龙的儿子，特别能负重，所以用来驮碑，有句话讲“龙生九子不成龙”，在孔庙内，龙和龙的9个儿子，你都可以看到，当地的老百姓常来这里抚摸这_他们说：“摸摸_头，一辈子不犯愁，摸摸__一辈子不生病”。

　　我们面前的这座木结构建筑名叫“奎文阁”，原是孔庙的藏书楼。“奎星”为二十八星宿之一，有星十六颗，“屈曲相钩，似文字之画”，后来人们把它演化为文官之首，封建帝王把孔子比作天上的奎星，所以孔子又称“历代文官主”。这座楼阁高23.35米，阔30.1米，深17.62米，三重飞檐，四层斗拱，构造坚固而且合理，康熙年间山东曲阜曾有过一次大地震，“人间房屋倾者九，存者一”，而奎文阁却傲然屹立，安然无恙，由此可见我国古代劳动人民的聪明智慧和高超的建筑艺术。

　　我们现在进入孔庙的第六进院落，展现在大家面前的是13座碑亭，南边8座，北边5座。亭内保存着唐、宋、元、明、清各代石碑共55幢，碑文多为皇帝对孔子的追谥加封、拜庙亲祭、整修庙宇的纪录，用汉文、八思巴文、满文等刻成。此排中间的这座碑，重约65吨，采自北京的西山，在当时，将如此重量的石碑从千里之外，跋山涉水，运至山东曲阜，不能不说是一个奇迹。此院东、西各有一门，是孔庙第三道腰门，为“东华门、西华门”。

　　我们现在进入大成门，“大成门”是指今天下之大成，这一排共有5门并列，最西边为启圣门，是供奉孔子父母的地方，中路大成门，又有“金声门、玉振门”相佐，中路为孔庙最中心的地方，东为承圣门，原为孔子故居。

　　大家知道，孔子是伟大的思想家，教育家、政治家，我们认为，孔子首先是个教育家，他是中国第一位老师，封建皇帝封他为“至圣先师”“万世师表”，应当说，他是全人类的老师，是名符其实的“人类灵魂工程师”。我们面前的“杏坛”，相传是当年孔子设坛讲学的地方，金代建亭作以纪念，著名文人党怀英书“杏坛”二字。坛侧有棵杏树，为后人所栽，每当初春时节，红花绽开，绿叶摇曳。所以乾隆皇帝来朝拜时，曾赋诗赞之，诗曰：重来又值籼开时，几树东风簇绛枝，岂是人间凡卉比，文明终古共春熙。

　　矗立在我们面前的大殿就是名扬天下的“大成殿”，它是中国的“三大殿”之一，与北京故宫的“太和殿”，泰山岱庙的“天贶殿”齐名，其雄伟壮丽有过之而无不及。殿高24.8米，阔45.78米，深24.8米，雕梁画栋，金壁辉煌，特别是周围28根石柱，为世界文化瑰宝，均以整石雕刻而成，前面10根为深浮雕，每柱二龙戏珠，盘绕升腾，栩栩如生，刀法刚劲有力，各具变化。过去皇帝来了，都是将此柱用黄布围裹。他们若看见恐怕也会自惭不如。两侧及后廊的龙柱为浅浮雕，每柱72条龙，总共1296条。大成殿内供奉着孔子塑像，两侧为四配，东西是复圣颜回、述圣孔及，西面是宗圣曾参和亚圣孟子。再外是12哲。每年9月26日、9月28日，我们都在这里举行盛大的国际孔子文化节和孔子诞辰纪念仪式，表演大型祭孔乐舞和“箫韶乐舞”，举行丰富多彩的文化、旅游活动，欢迎各位到时光临。　三孔导游词【5】

　　山东曲阜是孔子的故乡，山东曲阜的孔庙、孔府、孔林是我国历代纪念孔子的圣地，统称“三孔”。孔夫子生前在此开坛授学，首创儒家文化，而其子孙后代也在此生活繁衍，传承着孔子的文化思想。1994年，“三孔”被联合国列入《世界遗产名录》。

　　山东曲阜“三孔”中的孔庙、孔府都坐落在市中心，孔林则位于城北。孔庙是国内最大的祭祀孔子的庙宇，它是在孔子的故居上改建而成的，可谓全世界孔庙的始祖;孔府曾是数百年来孔子嫡系长期居住的地方，它的规模在国内仅次于故宫;孔林则是孔子及其家族后裔的墓地。

　　孔庙，公元前478年始建，后不断扩建，至今成为一处占地327公顷(1公顷=10^4平方米)的古建筑群，包括三殿、一阁、一坛、三祠、两庑、两堂、两斋、十七亭与五十四门坊，气势宏伟、巨碑林立，堪称宫殿之城。

　　孔府，建于宋代，是孔子嫡系子孙居住之地，西与孔庙毗邻，占地约16公顷，共有九进院落，有厅、堂、楼、轩463间，旧称“衍圣公府”。

　　孔林，亦称“至圣林”，是孔子及其家族的专用墓地，林墙周长7千米，内有古树2万多株，是一处古老的人造园林。

三孔导游词 篇5

　　不知道您读没读过《论语》，那上面开篇有一句话叫“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”。那么我就以孔子的这句名言，热烈地欢迎您来孔子的故乡山东曲阜参观游览。下面，就由我陪同各位游览并进行导游服务，非常感谢您的合作，并衷心地希望您对我的工作多提出批评意见。

　　在来山东曲阜之前,许多朋友可能已对山东曲阜和孔子有了不少的了解,但也有的朋友知道的并不十分详细,现在,我就在进入景点之前,先把山东曲阜和孔子的情况简要介绍一下。

　　山东曲阜位于中国山东省西南部，现有人中62万其中城区人口10万，面积约890平方公里。“山东曲阜”二字始见于《尔雅》一书，东汉应邵解释说：鲁城中有阜，委曲长七八里，故名“山东曲阜”。宋真宗大中祥符5年，也就是公元1012年，为了纪念中华民族的始祖轩辕黄帝出生在山东曲阜，曾一度改名“仙源”县，金太宗天会7年(公元1129年)，又复名山东曲阜，沿用至今。山东曲阜是一个小城，然而，山东曲阜又是一座有着五千年文明史的文化古城，在这片神圣而又古老的土地上，中国远古传说中的三皇五帝，竟有四人在这里留下了踪迹。据《史记》、《帝王世纪》等史书记载：“黄帝生于寿丘”，“少昊自穷桑登帝位，称都山东曲阜，崩葬云阳山”，现在山东曲阜城东8里，仍留下座金字塔式的坟墓--少昊陵。中国有句俗话说道“人往高处走，水往低处流”，我们是不是可以理解为我们中华民族的祖先从这里，从黄河中下游向中原，向黄土高原迁徙的过程，而我们的母亲之河，黄河、长江，从黄土高原之上奔腾而下，一泻千里，最后汇入大海呢!中国还有句古话叫“江南出才子，江北出圣人”，实际上，江北的圣人几乎全出自山东曲阜。在中国封建时代，受到皇帝赐封的圣人一共有6位，他们分别为至圣孔子、亚圣孟子、复圣颜子、述圣子思、宗圣曾子、元圣周公，头4位都出生在山东曲阜，后两位一位是孔子的弟子，一位是封地在山东曲阜，周公的后世33代曾在鲁国为国君，至今山东称鲁，即起于此。现在山东曲阜地上地下文物众多，文化灿烂，有国家级文物古迹4处，省级11处，市级100余处。1982年山东曲阜被国务院公布为全国首批24个历史文化名城之一，1994年山东曲阜“三孔”被联合国正式列为世界文化遗产。由于山东曲阜对东方文化的重要贡献，不少人称山东曲阜为世界三大圣城之一：“东方的麦加”。在这里，您不得不沉思，也不能不感奋，因为这里深扎着中华民族的根，深扎着中国传统文化的根。

　　各位朋友，在中国，在东方这片有着五千年文明历史的土地上，你也许读不懂青铜器上的铭文，也许不理解人头兽身表现什么，象征什么。但是，当你走进中国人民的生活，行走在中华民族繁衍生息、劳动创造的古老土地上，你就能感受到、接触到中国人民在日常生活中流露出来的儒家文化的气息，你便能由此体验到中国人民与其他民族迥然不同的生活方式、风土人情和理想道德的差异。无论你从哪个角度，哪个层次去探究中华民族的个性与品格，都不难发现儒家文化的基因，在漫长的历史演进过程中，儒家文化几乎成了中国传统文化的代名词。而儒家文化的创始人，就是孔子。

　　孔子，春秋时代鲁国人，也就是山东曲阜人，名丘，字仲尼，生于公元前551年，死于公元前479年，享年73岁。孔子3岁时，父亲叔梁纥去世，16岁时，母亲颜征在去世，少年孔子成了孤儿，开始了他在等级森严的封建社会中独自谋生、学习和奋斗的一生。

　　孔子少年发奋自学，勤而好问，青年时代便掌握了参与贵族政治必须熟悉的礼、乐、射、御、书、数六艺，进而掌握了《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》、《易》、《春秋》六经的内容，为创立儒家文化奠定了基础。

　　孔子30岁设学授徒，开始了漫长的教育生涯，他首开中国私人讲学、面向民众，提倡“有教无类”之风，成为中国第一位，也是世界上第一位伟大的教育家。

　　孔子51岁时，才做了中都县令，后来曾在鲁摄相事，然而时间不长，他便辞了官，离开鲁国开始了他长达14年的周游列国之行。

　　孔子在68岁时回到鲁国，他把几乎全部精力放在了教学和文献整理上，一直到死。孔子的一生是颠沛流离，饱经忧患的一生，是艰苦卓绝、激励奋发的一生，是春风化雨，培育英才的一生，是著书立说，济时救世的一生。如今，他的躯体虽已灰飞烟灭，但他的思想，却潜入每个东方人的心灵，他熔铸了中华民族的个性和品格，随着历史的发展和社会的进步，孔子还将引导着人类，跨向21世纪。

　　山东曲阜的文物古迹和旅游景点很多，大部分与孔子和孔子文化有关。现在我们所在的位置是山东曲阜明故城的正南门外，城门的北面是被称为中国三大古建筑群之一的孔庙。城门的正上方有“万仞宫墙”4个大字。“仞”是古代的长度单位，一仞约等于8尺。据说，有人称赞孔子的弟子子贡很有学问，子贡听说以后，就说：“人的学问好比宫墙，我的学问只有墙头这么高，人们一看便会看见墙内的一切，而我的老师孔子的这道墙有数仞，不找到它的门是不能看到墙内宗庙之美丽、房舍的多种多样”。后人为表达对孔子的敬仰，明代胡缵宗就写了“万仞宫墙”4个字镶在城门上，清代乾隆皇帝为了显示自己对孔子的崇拜，又把胡碑取下，换上了自己写的“万仞宫墙”4个大字。这就是“万仞宫墙”的来历。

　　孔庙是后人为祭祀孔子而修建的庙宇，始建于孔子死后第2年。面积有327.5亩，仿皇宫之制，分九进院落，左右对称排列，整个建筑群共有五殿、一阁、一坛、两庑、两堂、17座碑亭、54座门坊共466间，南北长约1公里。孔庙恢宏壮丽，面积之大，历史之久，保存之完整，是世界建筑史上的唯一孤例。

　　孔庙大门东墙外面有“官员人等至此下马”的碑刻，过去，任何官员至此，武官要下马，文官要下轿，以表示对孔子的尊重。

　　孔庙的第一座石坊叫“金声玉振坊”。孟子对孔子曾有过这样的评价，他说：“孔子之谓集大成，集大成者，金声而玉振之也”。“金声、玉振”表示奏乐的全过程，以击钟开始，以击磐告终，比喻孔子的思想集古圣先贤之大成。石坊上面莲花宝座上各刻有一个独角怪兽称“辟邪”，也叫“朝天吼”，这是封建社会王爵府第才可使用的饰物。

　　孔庙第一道门叫“棂星门”。“棂星”又名天田星，古人祭天，先要祭棂星。“棂星门”三个字为乾隆所书。“太和元气”坊同“金声玉振”坊差不多，题字为明代山东巡抚曾铣手书，赞颂孔子思想如同天地生育万物。此院东西各有一座腰门，东边上书“德侔天地一样大，他的学说古今来说都是最好的”。这座门叫“圣时门”，由此住里，有博大精深、深不可测之感。“圣时”二字，取《孟子.万章下》，“孔子，圣之时者也”句，意思是说，在圣人之中，孔子是最适合时代者。

　　过圣时门迎面小石桥，叫“璧水桥”，桥两侧偏南各有一座门，东门叫“快睹门”，是先睹为快的意思，西门叫“仰高门”赞颂孔子的学问十分高深。我们进入的大门，称“弘道门”，这三个字取自《论语.卫星公》“人能弘道”的句子，以此来赞颂孔子阐发了尧舜汤和文武周公之“道”。这道门也是明朝洪武十年(1377年)时孔庙的大门。再往后是“大中门”，大中门是宋朝时期孔庙的大门，原名叫“宫和门”，字的意思与孔子中庸之道的主张有关，由此门向南望去，一方面可以看到孔庙的历史沿革，一方面也可以看到孔庙的不断扩大，这些建筑既有清代建筑，也有明代建筑，还有宋代建筑，它们建的时代不同，工匠不同，但都互相配合，相得益彰，构成一体。看孔庙建筑，同时可以看到一部分中国封建社会的发展史。

　　这块碑立于明成化四年(1468年)，因此也叫“成化碑”，它为明宪宗朱见深所立，碑高6米，宽2米多。这块碑的特点是书法精湛，著称于世，并且碑文用论辩形式写成，在极力推崇孔子方面，可以说是之最。大家请看右上角，那上面写道：“联惟孔子之道，有天下者一日不可无焉”，又说：“孔子之道在天下，如布帛粟菽，民生日用不可暂缺”。这碑下面的动物不是乌龟，叫*，是龙的儿子，特别能负重，所以用来驮碑，有句话讲“龙生九子不成龙”，在孔庙内，龙和龙的9个儿子，你都可以看到，当地的老百姓常来这里抚摸这*，他们说：“摸摸*的头，一辈子不犯愁，摸摸*的*，一辈子不生病”。

　　我们面前的这座木结构建筑名叫“奎文阁”，原是孔庙的藏书楼。“奎星”为二十八星宿之一，有星十六颗，“屈曲相钩，似文字之画”，后来人们把它演化为文官之首，封建帝王把孔子比作天上的奎星，所以孔子又称“历代文官主”。这座楼阁高23.35米，阔30.1米，深17.62米，三重飞檐，四层斗拱，构造坚固而且合理，康熙年间山东曲阜曾有过一次大地震，“人间房屋倾者九，存者一”，而奎文阁却傲然屹立，安然无恙，由此可见我国古代劳动人民的聪明智慧和高超的建筑艺术。

　　我们现在进入孔庙的第六进院落，展现在大家面前的是13座碑亭，南边8座，北边5座。亭内保存着唐、宋、元、明、清各代石碑共55幢，碑文多为皇帝对孔子的追谥加封、拜庙亲祭、整修庙宇的纪录，用汉文、八思巴文、满文等刻成。此排中间的这座碑，重约65吨，采自北京的西山，在当时，将如此重量的石碑从千里之外，跋山涉水，运至山东曲阜，不能不说是一个奇迹。此院东、西各有一门，是孔庙第三道腰门，为“东华门、西华门”。

　　我们现在进入大成门，“大成门”是指今天下之大成，这一排共有5门并列，最西边为启圣门，是供奉孔子父母的地方，中路大成门，又有“金声门、玉振门”相佐，中路为孔庙最中心的地方，东为承圣门，原为孔子故居。

　　大家知道，孔子是伟大的思想家，教育家、政治家，我们认为，孔子首先是个教育家，他是中国第一位老师，封建皇帝封他为“至圣先师”“万世师表”，应当说，他是全人类的老师，是名符其实的“人类灵魂工程师”。我们面前的“杏坛”，相传是当年孔子设坛讲学的地方，金代建亭作以纪念，著名文人党怀英书“杏坛”二字。坛侧有棵杏树，为后人所栽，每当初春时节，红花绽开，绿叶摇曳。所以乾隆皇帝来朝拜时，曾赋诗赞之，诗曰：重来又值籼开时，几树东风簇绛枝，岂是人间凡卉比，文明终古共春熙。

　　矗立在我们面前的大殿就是名扬天下的“大成殿”，它是中国的“三大殿”之一，与北京故宫的“太和殿”，泰山岱庙的“天贶殿”齐名，其雄伟壮丽有过之而无不及。殿高24.8米，阔45.78米，深24.8米，雕梁画栋，金壁辉煌，特别是周围28根石柱，为世界文化瑰宝，均以整石雕刻而成，前面10根为深浮雕，每柱二龙戏珠，盘绕升腾，栩栩如生，刀法刚劲有力，各具变化。过去皇帝来了，都是将此柱用黄布围裹。他们若看见恐怕也会自惭不如。两侧及后廊的龙柱为浅浮雕，每柱72条龙，总共1296条。大成殿内供奉着孔子塑像，两侧为四配，东西是复圣颜回、述圣孔及，西面是宗圣曾参和亚圣孟子。再外是12哲。每年9月26日、9月28日，我们都在这里举行盛大的国际孔子文化节和孔子诞辰纪念仪式，表演大型祭孔乐舞和“箫韶乐舞”，举行丰富多彩的文化、旅游活动，欢迎各位到时光临。

三孔导游词 篇6

　　各位朋友，在中国，在东方这片有着五千年文明历史的土地上，你也许读不懂青铜器上的铭文，也许不理解人头兽身表现什么，象征什么。但是，当你走进中国人民的生活，行走在中华民族繁衍生息、劳动创造的古老土地上，你就能感受到、接触到中国人民在日常生活中流露出来的儒家文化的气息，你便能由此体验到中国人民与其他民族迥然不同的生活方式、风土人情和理想道德的差异。无论你从哪个角度，哪个层次去探究中华民族的个性与品格，都不难发现儒家文化的基因，在漫长的历史演进过程中，儒家文化几乎成了中国传统文化的代名词。而儒家文化的创始人，就是孔子。

　　孔子，春秋时代鲁国人，也就是曲阜人，名丘，字仲尼，生于公元前551年，死于公元前479年，享年73岁。孔子3岁时，父亲叔梁纥去世，16岁时，母亲颜征在去世，少年孔子成了孤儿，开始了他在等级森严的封建社会中独自谋生、学习和奋斗的一生。

　　孔子少年发奋自学，勤而好问，青年时代便掌握了参与贵族政治必须熟悉的礼、乐、射、御、书、数六艺，进而掌握了《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》、《易》、《春秋》六经的内容，为创立儒家文化奠定了基础。

　　孔子30岁设学授徒，开始了漫长的教育生涯，他首开中国私人讲学、面向民众，提倡“有教无类”之风，成为中国第一位，也是世界上第一位伟大的教育家。

　　孔子51岁时，才做了中都县令，后来曾在鲁摄相事，然而时间不长，他便辞了官，离开鲁国开始了他长达20xx年的周游列国之行。

　　孔子在68岁时回到鲁国，他把几乎全部精力放在了教学和文献整理上，一直到死。孔子的一生是颠沛流离，饱经忧患的一生，是艰苦卓绝、激励奋发的一生，是春风化雨，培育英才的一生，是著书立说，济时救世的一生。如今，他的躯体虽已灰飞烟灭，但他的思想，却潜入每个东方人的心灵，他熔铸了中华民族的个性和品格，随着历史的发展和社会的进步，孔子还将引导着人类，跨向21世纪。

　　曲阜的文物古迹和旅游景点很多，大部分与孔子和孔子文化有关。现在我们所在的位置是曲阜明故城的正南门外，城门的北面是被称为中国三大古建筑群之一的孔庙。城门的正上方有“万仞宫墙”4个大字。“仞”是古代的长度单位，一仞约等于8尺。据说，有人称赞孔子的弟子子贡很有学问，子贡听说以后，就说：“人的学问好比宫墙，我的学问只有墙头这么高，人们一看便会看见墙内的一切，而我的老师孔子的这道墙有数仞，不找到它的门是不能看到墙内宗庙之美丽、房舍的多种多样”。后人为表达对孔子的敬仰，明代胡缵宗就写了“万仞宫墙”4个字镶在城门上，清代乾隆皇帝为了显示自己对孔子的崇拜，又把胡碑取下，换上了自己写的“万仞宫墙”4个大字。这就是“万仞宫墙”的来历。

　　孔庙是后人为祭祀孔子而修建的庙宇，始建于孔子死后第2年。面积有327.5亩，仿皇宫之制，分九进院落，左右对称排列，整个建筑群共有五殿、一阁、一坛、两庑、两堂、17座碑亭、54座门坊共466间，南北长约1公里。孔庙恢宏壮丽，面积之大，历史之久，保存之完整，是世界建筑史上的唯一孤例。

三孔导游词 篇7

　　尊敬的各位来宾：

　　你们好!我受旅游、接待部门的委托，对光临名城曲阜参观游览的各位佳宾表示热烈地欢迎。我有幸为大家导游陪同参观，非常高兴，这是咱们共同颀赏学习的好机会。看后请留下宝贵意见。

　　首先，向大家简要介绍一下曲阜的历史、文物概况。

　　历史文化名城曲阜是我国古代伟大的思想家、教育家、政治家、文献整理家、世之圣人孔子的家乡，亚圣孟子的故里，中华民族的始祖轩辕黄帝的诞生地，炎帝的首都，商殷故国，鲁国首都。三皇五帝有四位在这里生息劳作，有5000多年的历史。地下有丰富的宝藏，地上有众多的文物。现有文物112处，其中有联合国保护单位，世界文化遗产3处，全国保护的4处，省级12处，其他为地市级保护的。

　　重中之重有“三孔两庙一陵”、“三山二林一寺”。孔庙、孔府、孔林，俗称“三孔”，有祭祀中国元圣周公的庙宇，有祭祀孔子第一大弟子复圣颜回的庙，俗称“两庙”;“一陵”是黄帝诞生地--寿丘少昊陵;“三山”;孔子出生地尼山、汉墓群九龙山、小泰山--九仙山(又称九山)。二林是：世界教育孩子最好的母亲孟母林，孔子父母埋葬地梁公林;“一寺”是李白、杜甫作诗、答对、分手处，著名文人孔尚任隐居处国家园林“石门寺”。

　　我们现在看孔庙。

　　孔庙，又称至圣庙，是祭祀孔子及其夫人亓官氏和七十二贤人的地方。孔庙同北京的故宫、河北承德市避暑山庄并称中国的三大古建筑群。专家对孔庙讲了四名话：建筑时间最久远、最宏大、保存最完整、东方建筑特色最突出。从孔庙可看出两个问题：一是孔子对中国乃至东方文化的巨大贡献;二是中国在历史上就有能工巧匠。

　　孔庙始建于公元前478年，孔子去世的第二年建庙。在孔子故居建庙堂三间，陈列孔子的衣、车、书等，“岁时奉祀”。历代皇帝对孔庙都有扩建，计大修15次，中修31次，小修数百次达到现在的规模。孔庙仿皇宫建筑之制，分三路布局，九过院落，共有房屋466间，门亭54座，东西相对贯穿在一条中轴线上，有碑碣近千块，占地327.5亩，长达两华里又150公尺。现在看到的孔庙是明弘治年间的规模。解放后国家多次拨款维修保护。我国首批公布的全国重点文物保护单位，1994年12月列入世界文化遗产，成为联合国保护的文物单位，孔庙建筑时间之久远，规模之宏大，保存之完整实属世之罕见。

　　神道。“万仞宫墙”前古柏苍劲的这段路为“神道”。重要的庙宇前都有专开的尊敬灵通之道，称“神道”。

　　万仞宫墙。这道门是曲阜明城正南门，也是孔庙的第一道门，上悬“万仞宫墙”四个大字，系清乾隆皇帝的御笔。它来源于孔子得意弟子子贡。鲁国大会诸侯时，有人提出子贡的学问博大精深，可与孔子相提并论，子贡在场，马上站起来说，我可不敢与俺老师孔子比，人的学问好比一堵墙，我这道墙只有一仞之高，俺老师的墙有数仞之多。就是说，我的学问等于一肩膀头子高，一目了然没什么深奥的;孔子的学问有我数倍之多，经过详细的研究，全面的探讨，才能了解他的全部，入了门以后，才能看到宗庙之美，在门外头你是看不到的。后人为了形容孔子的学问高深，从夫子之墙数仞，到“百仞”、“千仞”到明代皇帝封孔子为“天下文官主，历代帝王师”，封孔子学问有“万仞”，赞颂孔子学问有一万个八尺，往上看，看不到顶，亦说此墙深壁高垒非常坚固。这四个字原为明钦差所写，乾隆为表示他对孔子的重视，亲书“万仞宫墙”换上了他的御笔。

　　金声玉振坊。此坊建于明代，为表达孔子学问精湛而完美，如同奏乐的全过程，自始至终完整无缺。古乐是以敲钟开始，钟起“始条理也”，是击磬告终，“玉振”为磬落的声音，称“终条理也”，赞扬孔子的学问是集先贤先圣之大成，所以称“金声而玉振也”，“金声”钟的声音，始，“玉振”磬的声音，终。这也是办事要“有始有终”成语的来源。“金声玉振”是明代大书法家胡缵宗题定的。

　　“二柏担一孔”。过玉振坊这个单孔的石拱桥，东西各有一棵古柏，所以人称“二柏担一孔”。这桥名曰：“泮水桥”与行宫旁泮水池的水相通，因之演义为“盼水”。过去读孔孟之书，考上高等学府叫“入盼”，做官的盼高升，做买卖盼发财，过日子盼兴旺。

　　下马碑。庙墙外东西各立一块石碑，公元1191年专立的下马碑，下轿碑。西边的碑早毁坏，东边这块碑上写“官员人等至此下马”。过去文武官员、庶民百姓从此路过下轿下马徒步而行，以示对孔子、孔庙的尊敬。

　　棂星门。明代所建，公元1754年重修，由木制改铁石的。“棂星门”系乾隆御笔。相传天上星系“有二十八宿”，其中，有个掌管文化的星叫“棂星”，又名“文曲星”、“天振星”，把孔子与天上管文化的星联系起来，说文化方面他是最高的，如过去祭天，要先祭“文曲星”，有尊孔如尊天的说法。

　　太和元气坊。这坊是明代公元1544年所建，极赞孔子的思想，主张如同“太空宇宙能哺育万物。天地之合，四方之合，阴阳之合”，称“太和”之气是最基本的东西，宇宙之太和，人间之元气。“太和元气”系山东巡抚曾铣手书。

　　至圣庙坊。明代所建“至圣庙坊”，是汉白玉的，上饰火焰宝珠。

　　德侔天地，道冠古今。这道院的东西对衬各建一处很奇特的牌坊，木制角棱环绕，千头万续，下有八个怪兽，叫“天龙神狮”，相传它威严灵感，可驱除邪恶，匡扶正义。东边牌坊上书：“德侔天地”，说孔子的思想主张给人类的好处如同天高地厚，功德能同天地相比。西边的牌坊上书“道冠古今”，赞孔子思想、办法古今都是盖世之冠。

　　圣时门。三门并列，四道台皆同上，中央盘龙。此门命名来源于孟子，对古代四位圣人伯夷、伊尹、柳下惠、孔子，孟子把四圣人的圣迹归纳为四句话：伯夷圣之清者也，伊尹圣之任者也，柳下惠圣之和者也，孔子圣之时者也。“圣时”极赞孔子思想主张经久不衰，是适合时代的圣人。皇帝来曲阜朝孔要行“三跪九叩大礼”，走圣时门;历代“衍圣公”出生时打开“圣时门”，除这两种情况外，此门不轻易开启。都走快覩门、仰高门。

　　快覩门，取先睹为快之意。就是说孔子的学问“五经四书”，谁先学谁先有文化，谁先学谁先有知识，争相学习，以先见到先读为快乐。

　　仰高门。根据颜回赞扬孔子的一段话命名的。颜回说，夫子之道，仰之弥高，钻之弥坚。赞孔子学问向上看不到顶，叫“弥高”，学起来文言文很难懂，叫“弥坚”，高不是高不可攀，经过努力是完全可以学到的。颜回说“夫子循循然，善诱人，博我以文，说我以礼。”俺老师循循善诱，教我以文化，施我以礼节。

　　汉石人。仰高门里亭子里有两位历史价值很高的汉石人，一位是“亭长”，(汉代地方小官)，一位府门之卒，都是鲁王墓前守卫的。石人被历代金石学家所重视，对研究汉代服装和文字有重要价值。

　　金水桥，这道桥，同故宫前的桥同名，称金水桥，又叫碧水桥，三孔排列，绿水荡漾。

　　弘道门。过金水桥是明代皇帝钦定的“弘道门”，取“论语”中“人能弘道，非道弘人”之意。孔子是个普通文人，为什么成为圣人?赞孔子总结了先贤先圣的经验，尤其弘扬了尧舜禹汤，文武周公之道。“人能弘道，说人能指挥创造一切，非道弘人，并不是一切指挥人，这是赞扬人的主观能动性。”弘道门下有两块石碑，东边的四棱碑是“曲阜历代沿革志”记载了曲阜沿革变迁的历史，元代所立，史料价值很高，西边的是“处士先生墓志”，具有很高的书法价值。

　　大中门。大中门是宋代孔庙的大门，称“中和门”，意为用孔子的思想处理问题都可迎刃而解。明代扩建庙改称“大中门”，赞孔子的学问是集人类知识之大成，中，取“中庸”之意，“中者天下之正道，庸者天下之定理”，中不偏，庸不易。离开中者，就不是正道，成了邪道、歪门。就是说不左不右，公平正道，向前为中庸。大中门东西两头有角楼两座是守卫孔庙用的。

　　同文门，四大名牌，孔庙图。进入大中门里左右有四块大碑。西边的明弘治碑，讲的纲常伦理。弘治碑右侧有明代才子湖南长沙李东阳绘制的“孔庙图”价值很高。

　　成化碑，是明代成化皇帝朱见深所立。有两个情况引起历代大家名人的注意。一是成化碑正楷字写的好、规范化、标准化，精湛引人，字体笔法有“著称于世”的评语;二是对孔子评价最高，历代皇帝对孔子都有评说，评价最高的是成化皇帝，他把孔子的思想、办法比作吃饭、穿衣、花钱，一天也离不开，有了孔子的道理和办法，就能人尽其才，物尽其用，地尽其力，不然就乱套啦。说有孔子之道则有天下，没孔子之道则无天下，反孔子之道则失天下。如碑文称：“朕唯孔子之道，天下一日不可无焉，有孔子之道则纲常正而伦理明，万物各得其所矣...，孔子之道之在天下如布帛粟菽，民生日用不可暂缺，...天生孔子纵之为圣，生之安行仁义中正，师道兴起，从游三千，往圣是继。”

　　同文门。取“人同心”字同文之意。是说同心协力，团结一致才能干好事业;文字要统一，有统一的文字才能记载历史传播经验，随意造字就会乱套。同文门是奎文阁前的重要屏障。

　　奎文阁，原为藏书楼，是收藏御赐书籍的地方。建于宋天禧二年(公元1020xx年)，金章宗重修时改为“奎文阁”。这座独特雄伟的建筑，完全是木质结构，在中国楼的建设上称孤例。经过几次地震，奎文阁没有震毁。清康熙5年地震“十间房子倒者有九，存者有一，奎文阁巍然不动”。明代吏部尚书李东阳专写了“奎文阁赋”，赞奎文阁的建筑研究价值。就是廊下东头这块碑。

　　楼阁前这东西两院称：“斋宿”，是祭祀人员斋戒、沐浴的地方。东院是衍圣公斋宿所，清康熙、乾隆祭孔时都在东斋宿盥洗。西院是从祭人员的斋宿。孔子七十一代孙孔昭薰将庙内宋、元、明、清五朝代拜孔庙碑130多块集中镶嵌在院墙上，故西斋宿又称碑院。

　　十三碑亭。这是孔庙的第六进院落，亭内立有55块碑，是唐、宋、金、元、明、清等朝代所立，其内容都是皇帝、钦差拜孔、对孔子的追谥、评价，历次修孔庙的记载，有汉、满、蒙、八思巴文等文字。南八北五，所以称十三碑亭，因为都是经皇帝批准立的碑，因此又叫御碑亭。东起前排第三、六两个亭子是金代所建，是我国现存不可多见的建筑。凡是用赑屭驮的碑都称“御碑”。“赑屭”是吉祥物，传说龙王有九子，它是第8子，它爱“文”，善于负重，石碑有文字而沉重适合其特点，形象应为龙头、龟身、鹰腿、蛇尾。

　　东起北边这第三个亭子是康熙皇帝立的碑。北京西山采的石头经大运河，经济南又运到这里。专家计算这幢碑13万斤重，从济宁沿途泼水冻了，在冰上滑过来的，有时一天只走卧牛之地。曲阜本有好石头不用，要从北京运来，以示皇帝对孔子的重视。这院东南、西南各有一片碑碣都是王公大臣们修庙、拜孔的记载，书法价值很高。

　　这个院东西对衬各有一门，东为“毓粹门”，西是“观德门”。俗称东华门、西华门。

　　孔庙由这里起分为三路布局，这一道五门，中为“大成门”，左边是“金声门”，右边是“玉振门”，再往西为“启圣门”，再往东为“承圣门”。大成门的建筑结构是“犬牙交错，勾心斗角”。中间插进为“勾心”，左右四角尖端相顶为“斗角”。大成门三字系雍正皇帝的御笔。赞孔子是集先圣先贤之大成，达到了至高无上的境界。

　　先师手植桧。大成门里左边这棵挺拔苍劲的桧树，是孔夫子手植的。据记载：孔子在这里裁过三棵桧树，金贞佑二年(公元1220xx年)毁于兵火，树枯而又发新枝，曾“三枯三荣”，有“桧树日茂孔氏日兴”的说法。明万历年间才子杨光训题写了“先师手植桧”五个大字。

　　两庑长廊。这两侧的对等两排房子，共80间，称“东西庑”，是供奉七十二贤人的地方。孔子号称弟子三千，身通六艺文武全才的七十二人，供奉在东西庑。历代帝王都有封的配享先贤。如董仲舒、韩愈、王明阳、诸葛亮、寇准、岳飞等等。到民国年间已封到156名。最后一位先贤是梁启超先生。原有塑像，牌位，后一律改为木制牌位。东西庑现在陈列的是收集的宋代以前的中贵石刻。周公训子、蝙蝠行医等，最为珍贵的国宝有汉魏朝碑刻22块，书法价值特高的“礼器碑”、“乙瑛碑”、“史晨碑”、张猛龙碑“、米芾碑”等都是罕见的珍品。西庑陈列了100多块“汉画石刻”，都是久负盛名的艺术珍品，是研究汉、魏等历史社会生活难得的珍贵资料。东庑北端陈列着584块石刻，是孔子六十九代孙孔继涑写的玉虹楼法贴。

　　杏坛。这是为纪念孔子讲学建的。孔子当初是在土台上大杏树下给弟子们讲学。宋代公元1020xx年，孔子45代孔道辅监修孔庙时，将正殿后移扩建，在正殿旧址建亭，环植以杏，名曰“杏坛”。杏坛二字，是金代著名文人党怀英篆书。亭内有乾隆皇帝御笔“杏坛赞”，这是他第一次来曲阜写的。乾隆题写的匾、对联、条幅等在曲阜有50多处。

　　大成殿。这是孔庙的主殿，它和北京的故宫太和殿、泰安岱庙天贶殿并称东方三大建筑，又称东方三大殿。价值高历史长的是大成殿。殿高24.8米，阔45.7米，深24.89米。四周环有28根用整个石头雕成的龙柱，工艺精湛，造诣很深。尤其殿前廊10株深浮雕的滚龙柱实为世之罕见，10棵柱子20 条龙，上下对翔，升腾盘绕戏一颗珠子，神态各异，无一雷同，越看越有动意，跃然石上栩栩如生。这是徽州工匠的杰作。皇帝来曲阜朝孔时，孔家都用黄绫把龙柱裹起来，不让皇帝直接看到龙柱，因为超过了金銮殿，怕皇帝不高兴，加以责怪。其余18根柱是八棱的浅浮雕龙柱，一个棱面刻九条龙，每根柱子八个棱，八九 72条龙共计雕刻1296条龙。这是罕见的石刻艺术瑰宝。总览大成殿雄伟壮观。

　　五圣十二先哲。大成殿内供奉着17尊像。

　　五大圣人。至圣孔子，意为圣人中的圣人，至高无上。孔夫子在中央，头戴十二旒之冕，身穿十二章王服，手持震圭，威严肃穆，使人肃然起敬。两侧为四配：东边是复圣颜子，述圣子思;西边是宗圣曾子，亚圣孟子。东头六位，西头六位，称十二先哲，有子贡、子路、冉求等11位孔子的弟子，有一位是宋朝朱熹，著名理学家，五经四书解释的好，被封为先哲。“生民未有”的匾，是孟子赞孔子，说“生民未有盛于孔子也”。有人类以来，还没有全面超过孔子的人，所以叫“生民未有”。“万世师表”是康熙题写，封孔子为“万世皇帝之师，千古人类之表，皇帝的老师，做人的表率。”“斯文在兹”是光绪写的，意为天下的文化都在这里。

　　寝殿。供奉孔子夫人亓官氏的专殿。是孔庙第三大建筑。亓官氏宋国人(河南商丘)，19岁嫁孔子，后生子孔鲤，贤妻良母，早孔子7年去世，被封“至圣先师夫人”，同孔子一样享受祭祀。寝殿周围28根石柱上雕凤凰，每条柱子刻凤凰72只，同龙的数量一样，叫龙凤呈祥。

　　圣迹殿。以石刻连环画的形式记载了孔子的事迹。有120块文图并茂的石刻，是孔子后代同明代巡抚御史何出光主持修建的。由吴郡著名画工章草绘画刻石，镶在殿内墙上。是我国第一部人、文兼有的完整的连环画。有很高的历史和艺术价值。殿正面“万世师表”为康熙御笔，正中孔子大司冠像是唐代大画家吴道子画的。殿东头是康熙朝孔的御碑，西头有晋代名画家顾恺之画的孔子行教像，习称“夫子小影”最接近孔子的面貌特征。还有宋代大家米芾的赞孔子的小篆：“孔子孔子大哉孔子，子以前既无孔子，孔子以后更无孔子，孔子孔子大哉孔子”。明确的说，孔子伟大啊!无与伦比，空前绝后!

　　孔庙西路是祭礼孔子父母的地方。其父叔梁纥，母颜征在，皇帝封为启圣王和启圣王夫人，建有启圣王殿、寝殿、金丝堂等建筑。

　　孔庙的东路，前后两部分，前院是孔子故宅，有“孔宅故井”，孔子九代孙孔鲋藏书的地方名“鲁壁”，现在看到的经书，立头功的应为“鲁壁”。为纪念孔子教育其子读书建了“诗礼堂”，孔子说“不学诗无以言，不字礼无以立”，意为不学诗不会讲话，不学礼不懂得如何立身事。诗礼堂内有著名雕刻家石可先生刻制的仿汉画石刻“圣迹图”。后院是崇圣祠、五代祠，祭祀孔子上五代祖先的祠堂。

　　各位先生，孔庙似历史的、知识的学堂，因时间有限，咱们只看了主要的，我是厄要介绍的。孔子是圣人，也是伟大的旅游家，周游列国20xx年，宣传他修身、齐家、治国平天下的学问，收集了宝贵的资料。有关圣人的遗迹很多，很值得一看。我们相处时间虽短，可友谊长存，盼望各位有机会再来曲阜观光，我们一定很好地服务。

　　孔庙就看到这里，谢谢大家的合作，欢迎您再来。

三孔导游词 篇8

　　Dear tourists

　　Hello everyone! Welcome to Qufu, the Holy Land! I'm Chen Kerun, your guide.Just call me Xiao Chen. Today, I will take you to visit the three famousConfucius: Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple and Confucius forest. Confuciushas a famous saying: "is it a pleasure to have friends from afar?" I am veryhappy to be a tour guide. I will try my best to serve you well. If there are anyshortcomings, please point them out, and I will try my best to correct them!

　　The entrance to the Confucius Mansion can be divided into three roads: theEast Road has Yiguan hall, Musi hall, etc.; the west road is the place where theConfucius Mansion received distinguished guests and studied in those years,including Zhongshu hall, anhuatang, Huating hall, etc.; the middle road ismostly the main building of the Confucius Mansion, the first half of which isthe government office, and the second half is the inner house.

　　The Confucius Temple was originally the family temple of the Kong family.There are cypress trees planted by Confucius himself in the temple. The mainbuilding is Dacheng hall. In front of the hall are the famous Jiulong column andapricot altar. Later, because Confucius was respected, many feudal emperors camehere to worship him. Now, the annual "International Confucius Culture Festival"held by Jining Municipal government is also the prelude here.

　　Kong Lin is a special cemetery for Confucius' family. It is also thelongest and largest family cemetery in the world, covering an area of more than3000 mu. There are hundreds of trees and more than 100000 trees in the forest.Among the trees, there are many steles and stone statues, which are veryspectacular!

　　Well, now we can start free activities for three hours. You can visitfreely, play games, shop and so on. However, we must ensure hygiene and notlitter.

　　This is the end of the visit to San Kong. Thank you for your support. Ilook forward to your coming again!

三孔导游词 篇9

　　曲阜明故城始建于明朝，为护卫孔庙而建。明故城内分布着孔庙、孔府、颜庙以及历代孔宅府第、古泮池乾隆行宫等文物古迹，集中体现了鲁国古都曲阜古老的城市风貌和深厚的文化古韵。上世纪70年代末，曲阜明故城城墙大部分被拆除。

　　孔府,本名衍圣公府,位于曲阜城中孔庙东侧,是孔子嫡氏孙居住的府第。衍圣公是北宋至和二年(公元1055年)宋仁宗赐给孔子46代孙孔宗愿的封号，这一封号子孙相继，整整承袭了32代，历时880年。

　　衍圣公是中国封建社会享有特权的大贵族，宋代时相当于八品官，元代提升为三品，明初是一品文官，后又“班列文官之首”，清代还特许在紫禁城骑马，在御道上行走。

　　孔府占地240亩，共有厅、堂、楼、房463间。九进庭院，三路布局：东路　即东学，建一贯堂、慕恩堂、孔氏家庙及作坊等;西路即西学，有红萼轩、忠恕堂、安怀堂及花厅等;孔府的主体部分在中路，前为官　衙，有三堂六厅，后为内宅，有前上房、前后堂楼、配楼、后六间等，最后为花园。

　　孔林本称至圣林，是孔子及其家族的墓地。 孔子死后，弟子们把他葬于鲁城北泗水之上，那时还是“墓而不坟”(无高土隆起)。到了秦汉时期，虽将坟高筑，但仍只有少量的墓地和几家守林人后来随着孔子地位的日益提高，孔林的规模越来越大。东汉桓帝永寿三年(公元157年)，鲁相韩勅修孔墓，在墓前造神门 一间，在　东南又造斋宿一间，以吴初等若干户供孔墓洒扫，当时的孔林“地不过一　顷”。到南北朝高齐时，才植树600株。宋代宣和年间，又在孔子墓前修造石仪。进入元文宗至顺二年(公元1331年)，孔思凯主修了林墙，构筑了林门。明洪武十年(公元1684年)将孔林扩为3000亩的规模。雍正八年(公元1730年)，大修孔林，耗帑银25300两重修了各种门坊，并派专官守卫。据统计，自汉以来，历代对孔林重修、增修过13次，增植树株5次，扩充林地3次。整个孔林周围垣墙长达7.25公里，墙高3米多，厚约5米，总面积为2平方公里，比曲阜城要大得多 孔林作为一处氏族墓地，20xx多年来葬埋从未间断。在这里既可考春秋之葬、证秦汉之墓，又可研究我国历代政治、经济、文化的发展和丧葬风俗的演　变。1961年国务院公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。 “墓古千年在，林深五月寒”，孔林内现已有树10万多株。相传孔子死后，“弟子各以四方奇木来植，故多异树，鲁人世世代代无能名者”，时至今日孔林内的一些树株人们仍叫不出它们的名字。其中柏、桧、柞、榆、槐、楷、朴、枫、杨、柳、檀雒离、女贞、五味、樱花等各类大树，盘根错节，枝繁叶茂;野菊、半夏、柴胡、太子参、灵芝等数百种植物，也依时争荣。孔林不愧是一座天然的植物园。“断碑深树里，无路可寻看”。在万木掩映的孔林中，碑石如林，石仪成群，除一批著名的汉碑移入孔庙 外，林内尚有李东阳、严嵩、翁方钢、何绍基、康有为等明清书法名家亲笔题写的墓碑。因此，孔林又称得上是名副其实的碑林。

　　孔庙、孔府、孔林在山东曲阜市，是中国唯一规模最大的集祭祀孔子嫡系后裔的府邸和孔子及其子孙墓地于一起的建筑群，孔子(公元前551~前420xx年)是中国儒家学说的创始人。他在死后的第二年，他的住宅被改成孔庙，每年祭祀 。汉代以后历代皇帝都提倡尊孔读经，对孔子也不断追谥加封，同时扩大他的祠庙，孔庙的规模也越修越大。

　　规整的建筑，艺术的宝库

　　现存孔庙占地327.5亩，建筑物466间，前后有九进院落，纵向轴线贯穿整座建筑，左右对称，布局严谨，气势宏伟。前三进院落布置导向性建筑物，如门或牌坊。第四进院有一座三重檐的高阁奎文阁，其中藏有历代皇帝赏赐的图书。第七进院落中有“杏坛”，据说是孔子生前讲学处。孔庙的主殿大成殿高31.89米，宽54米，进深34米。廊下有28根龙古柱，没根石柱都用整块石材雕成。前廊下的十根石柱用深浮雕的手法雕成双龙对舞，衬以云朵，山石、涛波，造型优美生动，是罕见的艺术瑰宝。孔庙中还存有大量的碑刻及画像砖，是研究中国古代书法和文化艺术的宝贵资料。

　　孔府是衙宅合一，园宅结合的范例

　　孔庙的东侧是孔府，是孔子嫡长孙世袭的府第。始建于宋代，经历代不断扩建，形成现在的规模。占地200余亩，有房舍480余间。官衙和住宅建在一起，是一座典型的封建贵族庄园，衙 署大堂用于接受皇帝颁发的圣旨，或处理家族内事务。孔府后院有一座花园，幽雅清新，布局别具匠心，可称园林佳作，也是园宅结合的范例。孔府藏有大量的历史档案、传世文物，历代服饰和用具等，都及其珍贵。

　　孔林是延续年代最久、保存最完整的家族墓地

　　孔林又称至圣林，在曲阜城北门外，占地3000亩，周围砖砌林墙长达14里，是孔子和他的后代子孙们的家族墓地。孔林内柏桧夹道，进入孔林要经过1200米的墓道，然后穿过石牌坊、石桥、甬道、到达孔子墓前。孔子的坟墓封土高6米，墓东是孔子之子孔鲤和他的孙子孔伋 的坟墓。在孔林中，有的墓前还存有石雕的华表、石人、石兽。这些都是依照墓中人当时-爵位的品级设置的，整个孔林延用2520xx年，内有坟冢 十余万座。其延续时间之久，模葬之多，保存之完好，举世罕见。

三孔导游词 篇10

　　千年礼乐归东鲁，万古衣冠拜素王”曲阜之所以享誉全球，是与孔子的名字紧密相连的。孔子是世界上最伟大的哲学家之一，中国儒家学派的创始人。在两千多年漫长的历史长河中，儒家文化逐渐成为中国的正统文化，并影响到东亚和东南亚各国，成为整个东方文化的基石。曲阜的孔府、孔庙、孔林，统称“三孔”，是中国历代纪念孔子，推崇儒学的表征，以丰厚的文化积淀、悠久历史、宏大规模、丰富文物珍藏，以及科学艺术价值而著称。因其在中国历史和世界东方文化中的显著地位，被世人尊崇为世界三大圣城之一。

　　孔府本名衍圣公府。位于孔庙东侧，为孔子嫡长孙的衙署。汉高祖刘邦以太牢之礼祭孔子墓并封孔子九世孙世为奉祀君，代表国家祭祀孔子。后历代不断加封，至宋代封为衍圣公。明洪武十年建立独立的衍圣公府。现有楼、厅、堂480余间，前为官衙，后为内宅。府内存有著名的孔档案和大量文物。

　　孔府有“天下第一家”之称，是孔子嫡系长期居住的府第，也是中国封建社会官衙与内宅合一的典型建筑。孔子死后，子孙后代世代居庙旁看管孔子遗物，到北宋末期，孔氏后裔住宅扩大到数十间，到金代，孔子后裔一直是孔庙东边，随着孔子后世官位的升迁和爵位的提高，孔府建筑不断扩大，至宋、明、清达到现在规模。现在孔府占地约7.4公顷，有古建筑480间，分前后九进院落，中、东、西三路布局。

　　孔府大门，为间五檩悬山式建筑，匾书“圣府二字”，为明朝严嵩所书。门两边有对联一幅“与国咸休安富尊荣公府第，同天并老文章道德圣人家”，其中“富”字上面少一点，寓“富贵无头”，“章”字一竖通到上面立字，寓“文章通天”，此联概括出千百年来“圣人家”的气派。

　　孔府仿照封建王朝的六部而设六厅，在二门以内两侧，分别为管勾厅、百户厅、典籍厅、司乐厅、知印厅、掌书厅、公共管理孔府事务。明代建筑，共五间深三间，宽敞大方，为当年宣读圣旨、接见官员、审理重大案件之处。

　　孔府占地240亩，共有厅、堂、楼、房463间。九进庭院，三路布局：东路　即东学，建一贯堂、慕恩堂、孔氏家庙及作坊等;西路即西学，有红萼轩、忠恕堂、安怀堂及花厅等;孔府的主体部分在中路，前为官　衙，有三堂六厅，后为内宅，有前上房、前后堂楼、配楼、后六间等，最后为花园。

三孔导游词 篇11

　　走进正阳门霍然入目的“配天门”，是取孔子语“德配天地”而名，为岱庙的第二道门，配天门建于宋真宗大中祥符二年(公元1020xx年)，面阔五间，进深三间，单檐歇山式建筑，殿内原祀青龙、白虎、朱雀、玄武等四方星宿。两侧原有配殿，东为“三灵候殿”，祀周朝谏官唐宸、葛雍、周武三人。传宋真宗东封时，在南天门见三神人，加封为“三灵候”，后来建此殿专祀。西为“太尉殿”是祀唐朝“虽出入将相，而奉自愿厚养”的分国公杜宗的。与配天门南北相连的“仁安门”是取孔子语“天下归仁”之意而名，为岱庙的第三道门，元代至元四年(公元1338年)创建。建筑结构与配天门雷同，殿内原祀天聋、地哑之神，两侧有东西门神。配天门的西侧有碑碣20块，最著名的是《宣和碑》和《祥符碑》，双碑高大雄伟，东西对峙，龟跌螭，气势非凡，为岱庙现存两大碑碣。

　　配天门西南方的“唐槐院”，原有“大可数抱，枝干荫亩许”的唐槐，民国年间，兵燹战乱，古槐倍受摧残，渐渐枯死。1952年，岱庙主持尚士濂又在枯槐干中植小槐一株，并取名“唐槐抱子”。今新槐已成大树，扶疏郁茂，又成为岱庙一大佳景。

　　唐槐之东旧有延禧殿、藏经殿、环咏亭、雨花道院，皆毁于民国年间。1984年，在藏经堂旧址上新建仿古文物库房48间，内藏泰山历代珍贵文物4000余件，古书籍3000余册。

　　北过仁安门透过蔽是遮天的苍松翠柏向北望去，只见一座五光十色、金碧辉煌的大殿矗立在高大的露台上，这就是岱庙的主体建筑——宋天贶殿。天贶殿又叫峻极殿，创建于北宋真宗大中祥符二年(公元1020xx年)。公元1020xx年，宋、辽在澶渊(今河南濮阳)交战，宋真宗虽大胜辽军，但无心再战，却签订了屈辱的条约，历史上称为“澶渊之盟”。宋真宗为了平息朝野的怨愤之情，巩固其统治地位，他采纳了副宰相王钦若策谋的“天降昭书”的骗局，于同年十月率领群臣，车载“天书”来到泰山，举行了隆重的答谢天恩告祭大礼，并定于每年六月初六为“天贶节”。笠年，下昭扩建岱庙，又在原泰山神殿的基础上，建造了天贶殿。

　　天贶殿东西长43.67米，南北宽17.18米，高22.3米，殿阔九间，进深四间，重檐八角，斗拱飞翘，上覆黄琉璃瓦，檐间悬挂“宋天贶殿”的巨匾，檐下八根大红明柱，柱上有普柏枋和斗拱，外槽均单翘重昂三跳拱，内槽殿顶为四个复斗式藻井，余为方形平棋天花板。整座大殿栾栌迭耸，雕梁彩栋，贴金绘垣，丹墙壁立，峻极雄伟，虽历经数朝，古貌犹存，它同北京故宫的太和殿，曲阜孔庙的大成殿并中国古代三大宫殿式建筑。

　　走进殿堂，正面高大的“东岳泰山之神”彩色塑像是1984年重塑的，坐像高4.4米，头顶冠冕十二旒，身着衮袍，手持圭板，肃穆端庄，造形生动，大有“栩栩如生，呼之欲出”之感。“泰山神”是道教所信奉的“百鬼之神”，可主宰生死。唐代被封为“天齐王”，宋时封为“天齐仁圣安”，元朝又封为“东岳天齐大生仁皇帝”，明太祖登基后，认为给泰山神加封号是“渎礼不经”，故去掉所有封号，改称“东岳泰山之神”。从此，岱庙的地位也就不可一世，享有“东岳神府”的盛名了。

　　塑像两边的楹联为清人吴云所书，“帝出乎震，人生于寅”。横额是清康熙帝于二十三年(公元1684年朝泰山时所题“配天作镇”巨匾。殿堂内摆放着明、清时代的部分祭器。殿内东北西三面的《泰山神启跸回銮图》传为宋代所绘。壁画全长62米，高3.3米，画面借描绘泰山神出巡时的浩荡宏伟场面，表现宋真宗东封泰山时的威严和气势，整幅壁画以大殿后门为界，东为“启跸图”，描绘泰山神出巡的场面;西为“回銮图”，描绘泰山神返回的情景。整个画面共有人物697人，其装束、仪态无一雷同，加以祥兽坐骑、亭台楼阁、山川河流、花草树木等，组成一幅瑰丽无比，气势雄伟的场面。画面笔力遒劲流畅，结构严谨，布局匀称自然，人物眉目传神活泼，衣着线条清晰，表情逼真生动，再加上色泽的绚丽协调，给人以极高的美学享受。

　　大殿在古时，曾受火灾和地震的损坏，壁画也受到影响，从壁画的艺术处理上可以看出，壁画的部分画面是后来重绘的，但整幅画基本上保留了宋代原作的面目，它仍为中国绘画史、道教壁画史上的一幅不可多得的艺术珍品。

　　天贶殿前宽阔的大露台分上下两层，雕栏环抱，站在大露台上，大有豁然开朗之感。露台两侧各有一座御碑亭，内立乾隆皇帝拜谒岱庙的诗碑。中间是明万历年间铸造的大香炉。露台下古柏相夹的甬道向南延伸，尽头是一个方形石栏小池，俗称“阁老池”。皇帝举行大典参拜泰山神时，群臣就恭候在这里。池内及周围9块姿态怪异的太湖石是金大安元年(公元1220xx年)泰安县令吴衔与其母王氏所献。每块石头各俱特色，仔细观赏耐人寻味，甬道中间有一玲珑石卓然而立，名为“扶桑石”。扶桑石北面有一株古柏独立阶下，名为“孤忠柏”，民间传说唐朝女皇帝武则天怀疑其也与大臣石忠谋反，便将其杀害，石忠冤魂不散，便来到东岳大帝前告武则天灭子之状，从而化为孤柏。据说，游人蒙住双眼绕扶桑石左右各转三圈，然后去摸对面的孤忠柏，凡能扶到的，都是神气很大的人。这些富有浪漫色彩的传说固不可信，但却显示了泰山悠久的历史和文化的发达，那些编写传说的民间才子，把人间的善与恶巧妙地融汇在柏树的形象中，给后人留下了许许多多的感慨。

三孔导游词 篇12

　　Dear friends;

　　How do you do!

　　Confucius said, "it's a pleasure to have friends coming from afar.". Today,with this famous saying of Confucius, I welcome you to visit Qufu, Confucius'hometown. I'm your local tour guide. I hope you can have a better understandingof the three Confucius culture through my explanation. I hope you have a goodtime here and have a good time. Before entering the scenic area, please allow meto give you a brief introduction of Sankong scenic area and Qufu. Qufu islocated in the southwest of Shandong Province, with a population of 620000 and atotal area of 890 square kilometers. The word "Qufu" first appeared in Erya.Ying Shao explained in the Eastern Han Dynasty that there was a Fu in the cityof Lu, and Weiqu was seven or eight Li long, so it was named "Qufu". The tourguide service of the association, in 1012 ad, was once renamed "Xianyuan" countyto commemorate the birth of Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of the Chinesenation. In the seventh year of Emperor Taizong's Tianhui, it was also renamedQufu, and has been used since then.

　　Wanren palace wall: now our location is just outside the South Gate of theancient city of qufuming, which is called Wanren palace wall. There are four bigcharacters "Wanren palace wall" right above the gate. "Ren" is an ancient unitof length, one Ren is about 8 feet, equivalent to 1.6 meters now. It is saidthat some people praised Confucius' disciple Zigong for his knowledge. Afterhearing that, Zigong said, "human knowledge is like a palace wall. My knowledgeis only as high as the top of the wall. But Confucius, my teacher, has severalwalls. If you don't find its door, you can't see the beauty of the temple in thewall.". In order to show his worship of Confucius, Emperor Qianlong of QingDynasty ordered people to hang the four characters "Wanren palace wall" on thewall.

　　1、 Confucius Temple

　　Overview of Confucius Temple: Confucius Temple is a temple dedicated toConfucius, a thinker, statesman and educator in our country during the springand Autumn period,

　　Confucius Temple is the largest and oldest one. It has become one of thethree ancient buildings in China along with the Forbidden City and summerresort. The temple is 1130 meters long, 168 meters wide from east to west,covering an area of 150000 square meters. The whole complex is divided into ninecourtyards arranged symmetrically. There are five halls, one ancestral temple,one Pavilion, one altar, two verandas, two halls, 17 stele pavilions, 53gatehouses, a total of 466. The building area is about 16000 square meters.Confucius Temple is known as "solitary example" in the history of worldarchitecture. It integrates history, architectural culture, art, calligraphy,stone carvings and ancient tombs. It is the crystallization of the wisdom ofancient laborers in our country. It is a precious historical and culturalheritage. In 1961, it was announced as the first batch of cultural relicsprotection units by the State Council. In 1994, it was listed as a worldcultural heritage by UNESCO. In 20__, it was listed as a national 5A touristattraction.

　　"Jinshengyuzhen" Square: it is the first gate square of Confucius Temple.It was built in the 17th year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty. It is 5.6 metershigh and 13.5 meters long, with octagonal columns. On the top of the column,there is a armored animal guarding against heaven and evil. On the lintel, theinscription "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen" is written by Hu zuanzong, a great calligrapherof the Ming Dynasty. The four words "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen" come from Mencius. Usingthe meaning of Mencius, it expresses Confucius' consummate knowledge, just likethe whole process of playing music, which is complete from beginning to end.Ancient music begins with the ringing of a bell and ends with the striking of achime. Praising Confucius for his learning is like the sound of gold and jade.The sound of gold is the sound of a bell, indicating the beginning, and thesound of jade is the sound of a chime, indicating the end. This is also thesource of the idiom "doing things from beginning to end". "Two cypresses bearone hole": passing yuzhenfang, this single hole stone arch bridge is called"Panshui bridge", which is connected with the water in the pan pool beside thepalace, so it is called "pan water". In the past, when I read the book ofConfucius and Mencius, I was admitted to higher education, which is called"entering hope". Officials hope to be promoted, do business, hope to get rich,and live a prosperous life. There is an ancient cypress on both sides of thebridge, so it is called "two cypresses bear one hole". After the bridge, thereare two stone tablets on the East and West, which are engraved with "officialsand people waiting to dismount here", and called "dismounting stele". In thepast, civil and military officials and common people passed by, so they had todismount and get off the sedan chair to show their respect for Confucius."Lingxing gate": This gate is called "Lingxing gate". It was built in the MingDynasty. "Lingxingmen" was inscribed by Qianlong. There are two or eight starsin the sky, and the one in charge of culture is called "Lingxing", also known asWenqu star. Connecting Confucius with the star in charge of culture in the skyis enough to prove that Confucius' culture stone is the highest. The ancientsworshipped the heaven, first of all, they worshipped Wenqu star. There is asaying that respecting Confucius is like respecting heaven. You see, the squareis 10.34 meters high and 13 meters wide. The columns are cut up and down. Theintersection of the two sections is supported by a strong stone column. On thehead of the column are the portraits of the four heavenly kings, and in themiddle are the pearls of fire. It means that the door is protected by heaven.This gate was rebuilt from wood to iron beams and stone columns.

　　Dazhongmen: dazhongmen is the main gate of the Confucius Temple in the SongDynasty. It was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty. The three words "dazhongmen" wereinscribed by Emperor Qianlong. Its original name was gonghemen, and later it wasrenamed dazhongmen. The large and medium-sized facade is extended to 5 rooms,which is a single eaves building on the top of the mountain. On the one hand, wecan see the continuous expansion of Confucius Temple, on the other hand, we cansee the historical evolution of Confucius Temple.

　　Chenghua stele: the Chenghua stele we see now is the most famous one in theConfucius Temple, which was set up by Zhu Jianshen, the emperor of Chenghua inthe Ming Dynasty. There are two things that have attracted the attention of yourcelebrities. First, Chenghua tablet's regular script is well written,standardized, exquisite and attractive; The second is the highest evaluation ofConfucius. Emperors of all dynasties have commented on Confucius. The highestevaluation is emperor Chenghua. He compares Confucius' ideas and methods toeating, dressing and spending money. One day is inseparable from them. WithConfucius' principles and methods, one can make the best use of one's talents,materials and land. Otherwise, it will be a mess. It is said that if there isConfucius' way, there will be a world. If there is no Confucius' way, there willbe no world. If there is anti Confucius' way, there will be no world.

　　Tongwenmen: take the meaning of tongwenmen. That is to say, only withconcerted efforts and unity can we do a good job; the writing should be unified,only with unified writing can we record the experience of historicalcommunication, and random writing will lead to confusion. Tongwen gate is animportant barrier in front of Kuiwen Pavilion.

　　Kuiwen Pavilion: the wooden structure building in front of us is called"Kuiwen Pavilion". Originally known as the library, Kuiwen Pavilion is a placefor collecting the Secretary of the emperor. It was first built in the SongDynasty. There are seven rooms on three floors. This magnificent building ismade entirely of wood, without riveting. Like building blocks, it has become an"isolated example" in the history of Chinese architecture. After severalearthquakes, "kuiwenge" was not destroyed. During the reign of Kangxi, there wasa great earthquake in Qufu, "houses in the world are nine, but there is one".However, kuiwenge stands upright and safe, which shows the wisdom and superbarchitectural art of the ancient working people in our country.

　　Thirteen stele pavilions: now we enter the sixth courtyard of ConfuciusTemple. There are 13 stele pavilions and 55 steles. They were established inTang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Most of the inscriptions are writtenin Chinese, Ba Si Ba and Manchu, which are records of the emperor's posthumoustitle and seal, temple worship and temple renovation. In order to show himself,the Qing emperor built the stele Pavilion in front of it, which led to theappearance of courtyard. This kind of architecture structure is called"intrigue" in ancient architecture. There are eight steles in the South and fivesteles in the north. Eight in the South and five in the north, so it is calledthe thirteen stele Pavilion. Because they were all stele pavilions approved bythe emperor, it is also called "imperial stele Pavilion".

　　Dachengmen: now we enter dachengmen, "dachengmen" refers to dachengmen,which was rebuilt by fire in the Qing Dynasty. The three characters ofdachengmen were inscribed by Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty.

　　Master hand planted cypress: the cypress tree in dachengmen was planted byConfucius. According to records, Confucius once planted three trees here, andthen two died. This tree withered three times and thrived three times. There isalso a saying that "when the cypress tree grows more and more, the Kong familygrows more and more.". The five characters of "the first teacher planted cypressby hand" were written by Yang Guangxun, a talented man in Wanli period of MingDynasty. Apricot altar: the "apricot altar" in front of us was built in the SongDynasty to commemorate Confucius' lectures. It is said that Confucius taught tohis disciples under the big apricot tree on the platform. Because there areapricot trees around here, it is called "apricot altar". In the pavilion ofXingtan, there are two steles. On the front of one stele is engraved the"Xingtan Fu" written by Emperor Qianlong when he first came to Qufu, which isregular script. On the back is the running script inscribed by Emperor Qianlongwhen he came to Xingtan for the second time. Dacheng Hall: the hall standing infront of us is the world-famous "Dacheng hall". It is one of the "three mainhalls" in China. It is as famous as the "Taihe hall" in the Forbidden City inBeijing and the "Tianfu hall" in the Dai Temple in Taishan Mountain. Itsmagnificence is more than it can be. The hall is 24.8 meters high, 45.78 meterswide and 24.8 meters deep, with carved beams and painted buildings. The goldenwall is brilliant, especially the 28 stone pillars around it. They are all worldcultural treasures. They are all carved with whole stones. The front 10 are deepreliefs, with two dragons playing with pearls on each pillar. They are coiledand rising, lifelike, powerful and varied. In the past, when the emperor came,the Kong Family wrapped the column in yellow cloth. I'm afraid they'll beashamed if they see it. The dragon pillars on both sides and the back porch arebas reliefs, with 72 dragons per pillar, a total of 1296. There is a statue ofConfucius in the Dacheng hall. Every year, on September 26 and 28, we hold agrand international Confucius Culture Festival and a ceremony to commemorate thebirth of Confucius. We perform large-scale music and dance for Confucius and"Xiao Shao music and dance" and hold a variety of cultural and tourismactivities. Welcome to our time. Two verandahs: the houses on the East and westsides of Dacheng hall are called "two verandahs", which are places where thelater generations worship the sages and scholars. Most of the worthy Confuciansare famous figures in the later Confucian school. In the Tang Dynasty, therewere only more than 20 people. By the time of the Republic of China, there were156 people. These people were originally portraits. In the Jin Dynasty, theywere statues. In the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, they were all woodentablets with names on them, and they were consecrated in shrines. Now there arestone carvings of all ages on display in the two verandas.

　　Bedroom Hall: turn back along the corridor of Dacheng hall, then you cometo the bedroom hall. The bedchamber is a place for offering sacrifices toConfucius' wife. It is the third largest building of Confucius Temple.Confucius' wife was born in Song Dynasty in the late spring and Autumn period.Qi Guan, who had a compound surname, married Confucius at the age of 19. He wasa good wife and mother and died seven years before Confucius. He was honored as"the lady of the supreme sage". Enjoy sacrifice as Confucius. There are 28 stonepillars carved with Phoenix. Each pillar is carved with 72 Phoenix, the samenumber as the dragon. So it's called "Long Feng Cheng Xiang"

　　Yuhonglou legal stickers: the 572 "yuhonglou legal stickers" displayed hereare descendants of Confucius in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.

　　Kong Jisu collected the handwriting of the famous calligraphers of the pastdynasties and copied it. These stone carvings were originally placed in theYuhong building of the "Twelve Fu" in Qufu. They were moved to the ConfuciusTemple in 1951 and displayed in 1964. They are of great artistic value forcalligraphy lovers.

　　Temple of Miracles: the last building of Confucius Temple. It was built inthe Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty and was presided over by the censor heChuguang. There are 120 paintings and stone carvings in the hall, which reflectthe main activities and remarks of Confucius' life. It is the first stonecarvings with complete character stories in our country.

　　2、 Confucius Mansion

　　Front hall building of Confucius' mansion: it is the place where Confucius'76th generation grandson Kong Lingyi and his wife live. Here you can experiencethe living room of the Royal Palace of the feudal dynasty. The existing Qiantangbuilding was rebuilt in the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, withEast and West buildings on both sides. It was built in the Qing Dynasty. Hung inthe middle of the hall are four big characters written by Kong Lingyi, whichmeans that the Kong family will remain prosperous and vigorous forever.

　　Confucius' mansion: adjacent to the Confucius Temple, it is the residenceof Confucius' eldest son and grandson. It has three roads, nine courtyards andConfucius' mansion, also known as "Yansheng mansion". "Yan Sheng" means that"Sheng Dao" and "Sheng Yi" can be inherited from generation to generation. Largescale construction was carried out in the Qing Dynasty. This is the Confucianmansion, which is a typical building in our feudal society.

　　Confucius' greedy Wall: there is a unicorn shaped animal on the door ofConfucius' house called "greedy". It is said that this animal is very viciousand can swallow gold and silver. Although it is full of treasures at its feetand around, it is still not satisfied and wants to eat the sun in the sky. It isreally "greedy". In the past, Confucius painted greedy paintings here, and youcan see them when you go out It is also a warning to our children andgrandchildren not to be corrupt and pervert the law.

　　Hall: it is the place where Emperor Yan read the imperial edict, metofficials, tried cases, and held ceremonies on festivals and birthdays. Itdisplays the first-class nobility. On the north side of the wall, those goldlettered signs on a red background are the symbols of nobility and privilege,commonly known as "Eighteen cloud tiles". With these brands, Yan Shenggong hasbeen able to travel freely in Beijing.

　　Second Hall: it was the place where Yan Shenggong met with officials abovegrade four and was entrusted by the emperor to take the examination of rites andmusic for the imperial court every year. There are seven Royal steles in thehouse, including the stele of "Fu Shou" written by Emperor Daoguang of the QingDynasty, the character of "Shou" written by the kind empress dowager and thepicture of pine and crane.

　　Third Hall: also known as the retreat hall, is the place where YanShenggong deals with family disputes and punishes servants in the house. Theplaque of "six generations of Han Yi" hanging in the middle of the house waswritten by Emperor Qianlong. At that time, six generations of Confucius lived inthe same hall. This plaque means that the six generations lived in harmony andhad a happy life.

　　Inner house gate: after the three halls, it is the inner house part ofConfucius' mansion, also known as inner house courtyard. The inner door isseparated from the outside. This gate is heavily guarded and no one is allowedto enter without permission. The emperor of Qing Dynasty specially granted threepairs of weapons, namely Huwei stick, Yanyi boring and Jintou jade stick. Thegatekeeper stood in front of the door with weapons, and those who disobeyed theorders were punished severely. On the west side of the door, there is a specialwater tank, Shiliu, which is exposed outside the wall. According to theregulations of the government, the water bearer is not allowed to enter theinner house, but only pour the water into the inner wall of the tank to flowinto the inner house.

　　Front upper room: it is the living room for the master of Confucius toreceive his close relatives and Jinzhi people. It is also the main place forthem to hold family banquets and weddings and funerals. The room is decoratedwith gorgeous furnishings, cultural relics and antiques.

　　Houtanglou: the residence of kongdecheng, the seventy seventh generation ofConfucius. Kong Decheng was born in 1920. Less than two months after he wasborn, he was appointed by the then president Xu Shichang as the emperor ofXifeng. In 1935, he was awarded the title of "the most holy and venerableofficial of Dacheng" by Nanjing National Government. She married Ms. sun Qifangin 1936. Most of the time after that, he was in Chongqing and Nanjing with thenational government, and moved from Nanjing to Chinese Taiwan on the eve of theliberation of the mainland in 1949.

　　Back garden of Confucius Mansion: it was built in the 16th year of Hongzhiin Ming Dynasty. After three major repairs, it covers an area of more than 50mu. In the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, when Kong Qingfei, the 73rdgeneration grandson of Confucius, rebuilt the garden, he placed several largeiron ores in it, so it was also called "iron mountain garden". Among them, "fivecypress baohuai" is a cypress tree in the middle and a Sophora tree around, soit is called five cypress baohuai. It's a wonder in the garden. It symbolizesthe Confucius family's family life of mutual love, mutual assistance and mutualaid for hundreds of years.

　　3、 Kong Lin

　　Kong Lin: it is the cemetery of Confucius and his family. It is the longestand largest family cemetery in the world. Konglin is located on the northernSurabaya of Qufu City, covering an area of 3000 mu. There are four types ofChinese classical architecture: Palace, garden, Mausoleum and temple. TheConfucius Temple in Confucius' mansion embodies the characteristics of palaceand Garden Temple, while the Confucius forest is a kind of mausoleum and garden.Confucius Temple and Confucius Mansion show the profundity of Confucius thoughtand the solemnity of your family. Kong Lin embodies the glory of Confucius andhis descendants after their death. Since Confucius was buried with his wife,people planted trees for the beginning of Confucius forest. After more than twothousand years of continuous expansion of more than 70 belts, a large area ofKong Family cemetery Kong Lin was gradually formed.

　　Shinto: out of the north gate of Fucheng, there is a road leading toGuling, so you call it Konglin Shinto. In the ancient concept, Shinto was thechannel sent by the gods when Confucius accepted the sacrifice. The whole Shintois paved with green stones, and the ancient cypresses are arranged on both sidesof the Shinto until the door of Konglin. They come in different shapes,

三孔导游词 篇13

　　孔庙的第一座石坊叫“金声玉振坊”。孟子对孔子曾有过这样的评价，他说：“孔子之谓集大成，集大成者，金声而玉振之也”。“金声、玉振”表示奏乐的全过程，以击钟开始，以击磐告终，比喻孔子的思想集古圣先贤之大成。石坊上面莲花宝座上各刻有一个独角怪兽称“辟邪”，也叫“朝天吼”，这是封建社会王爵府第才可使用的饰物。

　　孔庙第一道门叫“棂星门”。“棂星”又名天田星，古人祭天，先要祭棂星。“棂星门”三个字为乾隆所书。“太和元气”坊同“金声玉振”坊差不多，题字为明代山东巡抚曾铣手书，赞颂孔子思想如同天地生育万物。此院东西各有一座腰门，东边上书“德侔(mou,相等，齐)天地一样大，他的学说古今来说都是最好的”。这座门叫“圣时门”，由此住里，有博大精深、深不可测之感。“圣时”二字，取<<孟子.万章下>>，“孔子，圣之时者也”句，意思是说，在圣人之中，孔子是最适合时代者。

　　过圣时门迎面小石桥，叫“璧水桥”，桥两侧偏南各有一座门，东门叫“快睹门”，是先睹为快的意思，西门叫“仰高门”赞颂孔子的学问十分高深。我们进入的大门，称“弘道门”，这三个字取自<<论语.卫星公>>“人能弘道”的句子，以此来赞颂孔子阐发了尧舜汤和文武周公之“道”。这道门也是明朝洪武十年(1377年)时孔庙的大门。再往后是“大中门”，大中门是宋朝时期孔庙的大门，原名叫“宫和门”，字的意思与孔子中庸之道的主张有关，由此门向南望去，一方面可以看到孔庙的历史沿革，一方面也可以看到孔庙的不断扩大，这些建筑既有清代建筑，也有明代建筑，还有宋代建筑，它们建的时代不同，工匠不同，但都互相配合，相得益彰，构成一体。看孔庙建筑，同时可以看到一部分中国封建社会的发展史。

　　这块碑立于明成化四年(1468年)，因此也叫“成化碑”，它为明宪宗朱见深所立，碑高6米，宽2米多。这块碑的特点是书法精湛，著称于世，并且碑文用论辩形式写成，在极力推崇孔子方面，可以说是之最。大家请看右上角，那上面写道：“联惟孔子之道，有天下者一日不可无焉”，又说：“孔子之道在天下，如布帛粟菽，民生日用不可暂缺”。这碑下面的动物不是乌龟，叫赑屃，是龙的儿子，特别能负重，所以用来驮碑，有句话讲“龙生九子不成龙”，在孔庙内，龙和龙的9个儿子，你都可以看到，当地的老百姓常来这里抚摸这赑屃，他们说：“摸摸赑屃的头，一辈子不犯愁，摸摸赑屃的腚，一辈子不生病”。(赑屃(bi xi)，形似龟，好负重，为石碑下的龟趺fu指碑的龟形 底座)

　　我们面前的这座木结构建筑名叫“奎文阁”，原是孔庙的藏书楼。“奎星”为二十八星宿之一，有星十六颗，“屈曲相钩，似文字之画”，后来人们把它演化为文官之首，封建帝王把孔子比作天上的奎星，所以孔子又称“历代文官主”。这座楼阁高23.35米，阔30.1米，深17.62米，三重飞檐，四层斗拱，构造坚固而且合理，康熙年间曲阜曾有过一次大地震，“人间房屋倾者九，存者一”，而奎文阁却傲然屹立，安然无恙，由此可见我国古代劳动人民的聪明智慧和高超的建筑艺术。

　　我们现在进入孔庙的第六进院落，展现在大家面前的是13座碑亭，南边8座，北边5座。亭内保存着唐、宋、元、明、清各代石碑共55幢，碑文多为皇帝对孔子的追谥加封、拜庙亲祭、整修庙宇的纪录，用汉文、八思巴文、满文等刻成。此排中间的这座碑，重约65吨，采自北京的西山，在当时，将如此重量的石碑从千里之外，跋山涉水，运至曲阜，不能不说是一个奇迹。此院东、西各有一门，是孔庙第三道腰门，为“东华门、西华门”。

　　我们现在进入大成门，“大成门”是指今天下之大成，这一排共有5门并列，最西边为启圣门，是供奉孔子父母的地方，中路大成门，又有“金声门、玉振门”相佐，中路为孔庙最中心的地方，东为承圣门，原为孔子故居。

　　大家知道，孔子是伟大的思想家，教育家、政治家，我们认为，孔子首先是个教育家，他是中国第一位老师，封建皇帝封他为“至圣先师”“万世师表”，应当说，他是全人类的老师，是名符其实的“人类灵魂工程师”。我们面前的“杏坛”，相传是当年孔子设坛讲学的地方，金代建亭作以纪念，著名文人党怀英书“杏坛”二字。坛侧有棵杏树，为后人所栽，每当初春时节，红花绽开，绿叶摇曳。所以乾隆皇帝来朝拜时，曾赋诗赞之，诗曰：重来又值籼(xian，一种米，米粒细而长)开时，几树东风簇绛枝，岂是人间凡卉比，文明终古共春熙。

　　矗立在我们面前的大殿就是名扬天下的“大成殿”，它是中国的“三大殿”之一，与北京故宫的“太和殿”，泰山岱庙的“天贶殿”齐名，其雄伟壮丽有过之而无不及。殿高24.8米，阔45.78米，深24.8米，雕梁画栋，金壁辉煌，特别是周围28根石柱，为世界文化瑰宝，均以整石雕刻而成，前面10根为深浮雕，每柱二龙戏珠，盘绕升腾，栩栩如生，刀法刚劲有力，各具变化。过去皇帝来了，都是将此柱用黄布围裹。他们若看见恐怕也会自惭不如。两侧及后廊的龙柱为浅浮雕，每柱72条龙，总共1296条。大成殿内供奉着孔子塑像，两侧为四配，东西是复圣颜回、述圣孔及，西面是宗圣曾参和亚圣孟子。再外是12哲。每年9月26日、9月28日，我们都在这里举行盛大的国际孔子文化节和孔子诞辰纪念仪式，表演大型祭孔乐舞和“箫韶乐舞”，举行丰富多彩的文化、旅游活动，欢迎各位到时光临。

　　大成殿两侧的绿瓦长廊叫两半岛，共有80间房屋，是后世供奉先贤先儒的地方，在唐朝受供奉的只有20余人，到了民国多达156人，这些配享原为画像，金时改为塑像，明代改为木制牌位，期间被拆掉。现在两廊中主要存放汉画像石刻和著名古碑。最珍贵的是汉魏六朝石刻22块，如“五凤”“礼器”“乙瑛”“孔庙”“史晨”“张猛龙”碑等，都为国家级石碑，被视为书法艺术的极品，价值连城的瑰宝。最北面的两庑中，珍藏着584块石碑，叫“玉虹楼”法贴，是孔子68代孙孔继涑收集了历代著名书法家的手迹慕刻而成，具有极高的艺术价值。

　　寝殿是供奉孔子夫人亓官氏的专祠。圣迹殿是明万历年间，根据司马迁<<史记.孔子世家>>编绘刻石的连环画，共有120幅。这是我国第一部有完整人物故事的连环画。

　　我们现在的位置是孔庙东路，这里当年为孔子故宅，这口水井为“孔子故宅井”，是当年孔子饮水之井，后人称为“圣水”。亭内的碑有乾隆“饮水拜师”和“故宅井赞”，乾隆8次来曲阜，竟有他5次题字。后面这座红色墙壁叫“鲁壁”，在秦始皇焚书坑儒时，孔子9世孙孔鲋把<<论语>>等经典藏在此壁内，墙壁倒塌后被人发现，孔子经典方才留传于世。

　　这座殿堂叫“诗礼堂”，是当年孔子教儿子学诗学礼的地方，堂前有两棵宋代银杏树，当初孔府曾用这棵树的果实做菜，名叫“诗礼银杏”大家在品尝孔府菜时，千万不要忘了点这道菜，因为此菜的出处就在这个地方。

　　孔庙是一个巨大的文化博物馆，我们匆匆看一次，只可窥见一斑。不能观其全貌，尤其是不能会其神韵，那就留待各位以后再来时细细品味吧。

　　下面我们参观孔府。

　　孔府即“衍圣公府”，也是世界文化遗产之一，全国重点文物保护单位。孔府大门与孔庙仅一墙之隔。孔府共占地240亩，有厅、堂、楼、房463间，在路布局，九进院落，东路为“东学”，西路为“西学”供游人游览的主要是中路。

　　“衍圣公”是北宋至和二年(公元1055年)宋仁宗赐给孔子46代孙孔宗愿的封号，这一封号子孙相继，整整袭封了32代，历时880多年。远在这封号之前，自西汉以后，历代封建王朝就给予孔子后代众多封赐，汉代曾封孔子后代为“奉礼君”“关内候”，魏晋南北朝又封“宗圣候、崇圣大夫”;唐朝封“文宣公”;宋代封“衍圣公”，到民国孔子77代孔德成时，改称“奉礼官”。“衍圣公”是我国封建社会享有特权的大贵族，被称为“天下第一家”，在明代，不仅班列群官之上，还特许在紫禁城骑马等。孔子的嫡系长支大多住在孔府，一直到1948年孔子77代孙孔德成离开曲阜，迁至中国台湾。

　　孔府大门上方高悬蓝底金字“圣府”二字。有趣的是门两边这幅对联：上联是“与国咸休安富尊荣公府第”，“富”字缺上面一“点”，寓“富不到顶”，下联为“同天并老文章道德圣人家”，“章”字一竖直通“立字”，寓“文章通天”。“与国咸休”“同天并老”，这是多大的气派!

　　孔府二门里，这座独具风格的门叫“恩赐重光门”，过去只有帝王大典、迎接“圣旨”时，此门才在13声炮声中徐徐启开，此门又称“仪门”或“塞门”。过去，一般官宦人家是不允许建的，只有封爵的邦君才能有其殊荣。

　　这个院子两侧的厅房，各挂有一个牌子，是孔府仿照建王朝六部而设的六厅，即管色厅、百户厅、典籍厅、司乐厅、知印厅、掌书厅。

　　孔府“大堂”，是“衍圣公”宣读圣旨、接见官员、审理重大案件，举行重大仪式的地方。正中太师椅上，披铺斑斓虎皮，长桌上置文房四宝、印章令箭，两旁摆满各种兵器、更鼓、云牌、龙旗、官衔木牌，象征着孔府的种.种特权，甚是威严。

　　二堂，也叫后厅，是当年衍圣公会见四品以上官员的地方，里面的石碑和牌匾是清朝光绪、慈祥太后等封赐给衍圣公及夫人的。二堂东边为启事厅，为正四品官，负责上传下达，西边为伴官厅，为正七品，据说，过去官员赴京朝拜天子，一般只允许一主两伴，而只有“衍圣公”可以一主四伴。

　　三堂，也叫退厅，也是衍圣公私设公堂，处理家庭内部事务的场所。以上三个大堂，层层叠进，很是森严，足显出孔府的圣威和显赫。

　　三堂过后，我们进入“内宅”，在过去，内宅绝对不许擅入，有皇帝赐给的虎尾棍、燕翅镗、金头玉棍，由十几人轮流把守，有不遵令入内者，“打死勿论”。内宅门西边这个水槽叫石流，过去挑水夫不得进入内宅，只把水倒进石流，淌入内宅。

　　内宅门的内壁上画着一个形似麒麟的动物，叫“贪”，是传说中的贪婪之兽，能吞下金银财宝，你看它连八仙的宝物都吃掉了，还要去吃太阳。据说当年“衍圣公”出门时，都要驻足观看此画，并有人喊“过贪门”，以戒要清正廉洁，不要贪脏枉法。这对于我们现在的官员和“公仆”们，是不是也有借鉴和启发呢?

　　这是前上房，有正厅7间，是孔府主人接待至亲和朋友的地方，当年孔府戏班在此演戏，东侧间有乾隆皇帝送给孔府的荆根床，桌上有同治皇帝圣旨原件，中间是404件满汉全席餐具，菜多达196道，可想孔府菜之丰盛。西里间，为衍圣公签阅文件之处。

　　前堂楼是七间二层楼阁，富丽堂皇，室内陈设布置，全为当年原貌，内有珍奇书画墨宝、古玩衣冠，里套间为孔子后代孔令贻夫人陶氏卧室，这是孔德成先生的生母，至今尚有她的照片，她原是孔府丫环，后被纳妾，生下孔德成，但被陶氏害死。西套间是孔令贻另一夫人丰氏的卧室，此人一生无声无息，27岁就死去了。

　　这个院子是后堂楼，各有配楼三间，后堂楼是孔德成先生当年结婚的地方，堂中陈列着当年结婚的用品和名人赠送的礼品和题字。孔德成结婚时，正值西安事变期间，本来蒋介石先生要亲自参加婚礼，但遭到抗日将领张学良、杨虎成的逮捕，自然，他也就不能参加这最后一代衍圣公的隆重婚礼了。

　　我们现在参观孔府后花园，它建于明弘治16年(公元1503年),由吏部尚书太子太傅,也是孔子62代孙衍圣公孔闻韶的亲家李东阳设计监工建造的,到了明嘉靖年间,太子太傅、吏部尚书、当朝权臣严嵩又助修建，严嵩的孙女嫁给了孔子64代衍圣公孔尚贤为一品夫人。到了清代，乾隆将自己的女儿嫁给了72代衍圣公孔宪培，又为修建孔府花园大动土木，经过前后三次大修，花园成了现在的规模，面积比北京故宫的花园还要大些。这里面有各种奇花异草，古树名石如“五柏抱槐”“太湖石假山”等，请各位随意观赏一下。

　　孔府存有大量无比珍贵的文物，尤其是十余万卷孔府档案，更是稀世文物，为了保护这些文物，在李瑞环同志特此下，拨款修建了孔府档案馆，现在，这些文物和档案得到了很好的保存。

　　各位朋友，刚才我们看了祭祀孔子的庙宇，看了孔子后代居住的府第孔府，下边我们参观埋葬孔子以及孔子后代的基地孔林。

　　孔子死后，葬在曲阜泗水之阳，洙水之阴，即现在的孔林，秦汉时期，孔林才不过一顷，随着孔子地位的提高，孔林的规模越来越大，自汉以后，孔林先后重修13次，增植树木5次，增地3次，总面积3000余亩，周围7.5公里,并以高3米，厚1.5米的砖墙护之,孔林是世界上延时最久、面积最大的家庭墓地，为全国重点文物保护单位，世界文化遗产之一。相传孔子死后，弟子们从各地移来奇木异草栽植，主要有柏、桧、柞、榆、楷、杨等各类树木，现在孔林内有10余万株树木，其中不乏古树名木。曲阜是全国三大碑林之一，古碑数量最多，共约五千余块，其中孔林占三千块，林内尚有李东阳、严嵩、翁方钢、何绍基等书法大家的碑刻。

　　孔林内古代建筑很多，刚才我们进入的两道门分别是大林门和“观楼”，也称二林门。观楼亦是鲁国故城的北城门，门上面刻有篆书“至圣林”三字。

　　现在我们沿一条约5公里的环林路了解一下孔林的主要风貌。孔林内埋葬着孔姓后裔。按照孔家的风俗，孔林有三不埋：即不满18岁的人死后不进孔林埋葬，犯了国家王法被判死刑的人不能进孔林，虽是孔姓妇女但已嫁出去的女人不能埋进孔林。

　　我们现在看到是孔子76代孙，也就是77代孔德成的父亲孔令贻的墓葬，他与其三位夫人合葬一起。靠近路边刻有东塘先生之墓的石碑，就是清代大文学家、名剧<<桃花扇>>的作者孔尚任的墓。孔尚任少时好学，极为聪明。清康熙23年，圣祖玄烨来曲阜祭祀孔，要从孔子后裔中选人给他讲解经书，孔尚任和族兄孔尚立被选给皇帝讲经。讲堂设在诗礼堂，孔尚任一入诗礼堂，就见堂中悬挂着杜甫的诗句：“两个黄鹂鸣翠柳，一行白鹭上青天”。孔尚任看了大喜，拉了族兄一下说：“我们要入朝做官了”。果然，孔尚任、孔尚立讲解深得主上喜欢，13天后便接到任命诏书，被提拔为国子监博士，正六品官，官服前面正好是白鹭图案。

　　这座牌坊叫“于氏坊”，正北面是乾隆女儿与孔子72代孙孔宪培的合葬墓。据说乾隆女儿很丑，脸上有块黑斑，算命先生打卦说她一生有灾，必须嫁给一个有福的人，朝里官员议论，只有圣人后代最有福，可按当时规定，满汉不通婚，于是乾隆先让女儿认汉族大臣于敏忠为义父，改姓于，这才嫁给了孔宪培。

　　我们现在正向孔子墓走去，这条小河叫“洙水河”，桥叫“洙水桥”，这条小河因在人墓前，被后世誉为“灵源无穷，宜与天地共长久”。这甬道两边高大的石柱叫“望柱”是进“天门”的标志，这象豹的动物叫文豹，温顺善良，用以守墓，这个石刻动物叫角端，传说日行一万八千里，并通晓四方语言。这文武两位石人称翁仲，秦代骁将，文者执笏，武者按剑，守在墓前。这所房子叫享殿，是供奉孔子木主的地方。

　　这便是孔子墓，周围用红墙围绕，约长里许。墓前石刻“大成至圣文宣王墓”，是明正统八年(公元1433年)黄养正书。

　　墓西这座房子是子贡庐墓处，孔子死后，众弟子守墓3年，尽皆离去，只有子贡守墓6年。孔子墓右边是孔子的儿子孔鲤墓，前边是孙子孔及墓，三座坟墓呈“携子抱孙”形。这几座亭子，叫驻跸亭，是当年皇帝祭孔时休息的地方。(Bì泛指帝王出行的车驾)

　　松柏涛涛，坟莹座座，碑石遍地，诉说着千古的故事。

　　各位朋友，雄伟壮阔的“三孔”向人们展示了中国古代社会广泛而深刻的内容，在这里，我们将会直接感受到以孔子为代表的儒家思想在数千年历史中神圣而稳固的地位，从而去思考我们中华民族的民族意识、民族精神是怎样凝聚，怎样发展的，在这里，你不得不为曲阜骄傲，你不得不为孔子骄傲，你不得不为我们伟大的中华民族骄傲。

　　“三孔”的游览就到这里，我再把其他一些主要景点和其它方面简要的介绍一下。

　　曲阜的景点很多，多与孔子有关，可以更加增添您的感性认识，更多地了解孔子和孔子文化。孔子六艺城座落在曲阜城南，是最近兴建的一座

　　大型旅游景观，占地200亩，投资5000余万元，它以孔子礼、乐、射、御、书、数为主线，让您在参与中、在娱乐中领会孔子思想的博大精深，在这里面您可以欣赏到尽善尽美的古乐舞，看到全国最大的青铜塑像，看到全世界最大的一部论语，可以乘坐古牛车游列国，是曲阜继“三孔”以后的又一重要旅游景点。“论语碑苑”是反映孔子<<论语>>内容的园林建筑，山水亭榭，曲径通幽，品味很高;尼山孔庙，在曲阜城东南25公里，是孔子的出生地，山清水秀，古迹众多;颜庙，是祭祀孔子弟子颜子的大型古建筑群，出孔府后门再往东30米即到;出颜庙再向东一里路，即到了纪念周公的大型古建筑周公庙，那里有众多的古树和鲁国故城遗址;出曲阜城向东6里，就是轩辕黄帝的出生地寿丘，在那里您可以看到为纪念黄帝而立的全世界最大的巨碑“宣和碑”“庆寿碑”，可以看到中国金字塔式的陵墓“少昊陵”;您如果要了解古代鲁国的风俗人情，可以参观一下鲁国盛世华夏文化城。在曲城北的石门山，是国家级森林公园，林木茂盛，景点众多，也是孔尚任隐居写<<桃花扇>>，以及唐代大诗人李白、杜甫生平最后一次宴别之处。在曲阜城南20公里，就是孟子的家乡，有其规模比三孔稍小些的孟庙、孟府、孟林、孟母林、有岱南奇观峄山。向北60公里，就是五岳之首，被称为中华之魂的泰山，向西90公里，就可以看到水泊梁山的遗址和风光。

　　曲阜交通便利，10

　　4、327两条国道从曲阜城交叉通过，曲阜距济南国际机场150公里，距济宁机场60公里，距兖州火车站15公里。

　　各位朋友如需购物，有不少有特色的旅游产品供大家挑选，著名的孔府家酒、孔府香油、孔府黑芝麻板、孔子拓片、尼山砚、儒家经典著作等都很有纪念意义。

　　曲阜拥有一批星级宾馆给各位提供良好的服务和食宿条件，三星级的阙里宾舍座落在孔庙、孔府一侧，环境优雅，功能齐全;杏坛宾馆是二星级饭店，座落在六艺城附近，富丽堂皇;贵宾楼也是二星级饭店，与曲阜汽车站仅一路之隔;座落在市中心的三孔大酒店、孔府饭店、曲阜大酒店，也都有较好的硬件设施和上乘的服务，各宾馆都有富有特色的孔府菜供您享用。

　　曲阜是信义之乡，礼仪之邦，浓郁的风土人情，热情好客的人民，古朴的小城风貌都会使您留恋忘返。

三孔导游词 篇14

　　不知道您读没读过《论语》，那上面开篇有一句话叫“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”。那么我就以孔子这句名言，热烈地欢迎您来孔子故乡曲阜参观游览。下面，就由我陪同各位游览并进行导游服务，非常感谢您合作，并衷心地希望您对我工作多提出批评意见。

　　在来曲阜之前,许多朋友可能已对曲阜和孔子有了不少了解,但也有朋友知道并不十分详细,现在,我就在进入景点之前,先把曲阜和孔子情况简要介绍一下。

　　曲阜位于中国山东省西南部，现有人中62万其中城区人口10万，面积约890平方公里。“曲阜”二字始见于《尔雅》一书，东汉应邵解释说：鲁城中有阜，委曲长七八里，故名“曲阜”。宋真宗大中祥符5年，也就是公元1020xx年，为了纪念中华民族始祖轩辕黄帝出生在曲阜，曾一度改名“仙源”县，金太宗天会7年(公元1120xx年)，又复名曲阜，沿用至今。曲阜是一个小城，然而，曲阜又是一座有着五千年文明史文化古城，在这片神圣而又古老土地上，中国远古传说中三皇五帝，竟有四人在这里留下了踪迹。据《史记》、《帝王世纪》等史书记载：“黄帝生于寿丘”，“少昊自穷桑登帝位，称都曲阜，崩葬云阳山”，现在曲阜城东8里，仍留下座金字塔式坟墓--少昊陵。中国有句俗话说道“人往高处走，水往低处流”，我们是不是可以理解为我们中华民族祖先从这里，从黄河中下游向中原，向黄土高原迁徙过程，而我们母亲之河，黄河、长江，从黄土高原之上奔腾而下，一泻千里，最后汇入大海呢!中国还有句古话叫“江南出才子，江北出圣人”，实际上，江北圣人几乎全出自曲阜。在中国封建时代，受到皇帝赐封圣人一共有6位，他们分别为至圣孔子、亚圣孟子、复圣颜子、述圣子思、宗圣曾子、元圣周公，头4位都出生在曲阜，后两位一位是孔子弟子，一位是封地在曲阜，周公后世33代曾在鲁国为国君，至今山东称鲁，即起于此。现在曲阜地上地下文物众多，文化灿烂，有国家级文物古迹4处，省级11处，市级100余处。1982年曲阜被国务院公布为全国首批24个历史文化名城之一，1994年曲阜“三孔”被联合国正式列为世界文化遗产。由于曲阜对东方文化重要贡献，不少人称曲阜为世界三大圣城之一：“东方麦加”。在这里，您不得不沉思，也不能不感奋，因为这里深扎着中华民族根，深扎着中国传统文化根。

　　各位朋友，在中国，在东方这片有着五千年文明历史土地上，你也许读不懂青铜器上铭文，也许不理解人头兽身表现什么，象征什么。但是，当你走进中国人民生活，行走在中华民族繁衍生息、劳动创造古老土地上，你就能感受到、接触到中国人民在日常生活中流露出来儒家文化气息，你便能由此体验到中国人民与其他民族迥然不同生活方式、风土人情和理想道德差异。无论你从哪个角度，哪个层次去探究中华民族个性与品格，都不难发现儒家文化基因，在漫长历史演进过程中，儒家文化几乎成了中国传统文化代名词。而儒家文化创始人，就是孔子。

　　孔子，春秋时代鲁国人，也就是曲阜人，名丘，字仲尼，生于公元前551年，死于公元前479年，享年73岁。孔子3岁时，父亲叔梁纥去世，16岁时，母亲颜征在去世，少年孔子成了孤儿，开始了他在等级森严封建社会中独自谋生、学习和奋斗一生。

　　孔子少年发奋自学，勤而好问，青年时代便掌握了参与贵族政治必须熟悉礼、乐、射、御、书、数六艺，进而掌握了《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》、《易》、《春秋》六经内容，为创立儒家文化奠定了基础。

　　孔子30岁设学授徒，开始了漫长教育生涯，他首开中国私人讲学、面向民众，提倡“有教无类”之风，成为中国第一位，也是世界上第一位伟大教育家。

　　孔子51岁时，才做了中都县令，后来曾在鲁摄相事，然而时间不长，他便辞了官，离开鲁国开始了他长达20xx年周游列国之行。

　　孔子在68岁时回到鲁国，他把几乎全部精力放在了教学和文献整理上，一直到死。孔子一生是颠沛流离，饱经忧患一生，是艰苦卓绝、激励奋发一生，是春风化雨，培育英才一生，是著书立说，济时救世一生。如今，他躯体虽已灰飞烟灭，但他思想，却潜入每个东方人心灵，他熔铸了中华民族个性和品格，随着历史发展和社会进步，孔子还将引导着人类，跨向21世纪。

　　曲阜文物古迹和旅游景点很多，大部分与孔子和孔子文化有关。现在我们所在位置是曲阜明故城正南门外，城门北面是被称为中国三大古建筑群之一孔庙。城门正上方有“万仞宫墙”4个大字。“仞”是古代长度单位，一仞约等于8尺。据说，有人称赞孔子弟子子贡很有学问，子贡听说以后，就说：“人学问好比宫墙，我学问只有墙头这么高，人们一看便会看见墙内一切，而我老师孔子这道墙有数仞，不找到它门是不能看到墙内宗庙之美丽、房舍多种多样”。后人为表达对孔子敬仰，明代胡缵宗就写了“万仞宫墙”4个字镶在城门上，清代乾隆皇帝为了显示自己对孔子崇拜，又把胡碑取下，换上了自己写“万仞宫墙”4个大字。这就是“万仞宫墙”来历。

　　孔庙是后人为祭祀孔子而修建庙宇，始建于孔子死后第2年。面积有327.5亩，仿皇宫之制，分九进院落，左右对称排列，整个建筑群共有五殿、一阁、一坛、两庑、两堂、17座碑亭、54座门坊共466间，南北长约1公里。孔庙恢宏壮丽，面积之大，历史之久，保存之完整，是世界建筑史上唯一孤例。

　　孔庙大门东墙外面有“官员人等至此下马”碑刻，过去，任何官员至此，武官要下马，文官要下轿，以表示对孔子尊重。

　　孔庙第一座石坊叫“金声玉振坊”。孟子对孔子曾有过这样评价，他说：“孔子之谓集大成，集大成者，金声而玉振之也”。“金声、玉振”表示奏乐全过程，以击钟开始，以击磐告终，比喻孔子思想集古圣先贤之大成。石坊上面莲花宝座上各刻有一个独角怪兽称“辟邪”，也叫“朝天吼”，这是封建社会王爵府第才可使用饰物。

　　孔庙第一道门叫“棂星门”。“棂星”又名天田星，古人祭天，先要祭棂星。“棂星门”三个字为乾隆所书。“太和元气”坊同“金声玉振”坊差不多，题字为明代山东巡抚曾铣手书，赞颂孔子思想如同天地生育万物。此院东西各有一座腰门，东边上书“德侔天地一样大，他学说古今来说都是最好”。这座门叫“圣时门”，由此住里，有博大精深、深不可测之感。“圣时”二字，取《孟子.万章下》，“孔子，圣之时者也”句，意思是说，在圣人之中，孔子是最适合时代者。

　　过圣时门迎面小石桥，叫“璧水桥”，桥两侧偏南各有一座门，东门叫“快睹门”，是先睹为快意思，西门叫“仰高门”赞颂孔子学问十分高深。我们进入大门，称“弘道门”，这三个字取自《论语.卫星公》“人能弘道”句子，以此来赞颂孔子阐发了尧舜汤和文武周公之“道”。这道门也是明朝洪武十年(1377年)时孔庙大门。再往后是“大中门”，大中门是宋朝时期孔庙大门，原名叫“宫和门”，字意思与孔子中庸之道主张有关，由此门向南望去，一方面可以看到孔庙历史沿革，一方面也可以看到孔庙不断扩大，这些建筑既有清代建筑，也有明代建筑，还有宋代建筑，它们建时代不同，工匠不同，但都互相配合，相得益彰，构成一体。看孔庙建筑，同时可以看到一部分中国封建社会发展史。

　　这块碑立于明成化四年(1468年)，因此也叫“成化碑”，它为明宪宗朱见深所立，碑高6米，宽2米多。这块碑特点是书法精湛，著称于世，并且碑文用论辩形式写成，在极力推崇孔子方面，可以说是之最。大家请看右上角，那上面写道：“联惟孔子之道，有天下者一日不可无焉”，又说：“孔子之道在天下，如布帛粟菽，民生日用不可暂缺”。这碑下面动物不是乌龟，叫*屭，是龙儿子，特别能负重，所以用来驮碑，有句话讲“龙生九子不成龙”，在孔庙内，龙和龙9个儿子，你都可以看到，当地老百姓常来这里抚摸这*屭，他们说：“摸摸*屭头，一辈子不犯愁，摸摸*屭*，一辈子不生病”。

　　我们面前这座木结构建筑名叫“奎文阁”，原是孔庙藏书楼。“奎星”为二十八星宿之一，有星十六颗，“屈曲相钩，似文字之画”，后来人们把它演化为文官之首，封建帝王把孔子比作天上奎星，所以孔子又称“历代文官主”。这座楼阁高23.35米，阔30.1米，深17.62米，三重飞檐，四层斗拱，构造坚固而且合理，康熙年间曲阜曾有过一次大地震，“人间房屋倾者九，存者一”，而奎文阁却傲然屹立，安然无恙，由此可见我国古代劳动人民聪明智慧和高超建筑艺术。

　　我们现在进入孔庙第六进院落，展现在大家面前是13座碑亭，南边8座，北边5座。亭内保存着唐、宋、元、明、清各代石碑共55幢，碑文多为皇帝对孔子追谥加封、拜庙亲祭、整修庙宇纪录，用汉文、八思巴文、满文等刻成。此排中间这座碑，重约65吨，采自北京西山，在当时，将如此重量石碑从千里之外，跋山涉水，运至曲阜，不能不说是一个奇迹。此院东、西各有一门，是孔庙第三道腰门，为“东华门、西华门”。

　　我们现在进入大成门，“大成门”是指今天下之大成，这一排共有5门并列，最西边为启圣门，是供奉孔子父母地方，中路大成门，又有“金声门、玉振门”相佐，中路为孔庙最中心地方，东为承圣门，原为孔子故居。

　　大家知道，孔子是伟大思想家，教育家、政治家，我们认为，孔子首先是个教育家，他是中国第一位老师，封建皇帝封他为“至圣先师”“万世师表”，应当说，他是全人类老师，是名符其实“人类灵魂工程师”。我们面前“杏坛”，相传是当年孔子设坛讲学地方，金代建亭作以纪念，著名文人党怀英书“杏坛”二字。坛侧有棵杏树，为后人所栽，每当初春时节，红花绽开，绿叶摇曳。所以乾隆皇帝来朝拜时，曾赋诗赞之，诗曰：重来又值籼开时，几树东风簇绛枝，岂是人间凡卉比，文明终古共春熙。

　　矗立在我们面前大殿就是名扬天下“大成殿”，它是中国“三大殿”之一，与北京故宫“太和殿”，泰山岱庙“天贶殿”齐名，其雄伟壮丽有过之而无不及。殿高24.8米，阔45.78米，深24.8米，雕梁画栋，金壁辉煌，特别是周围28根石柱，为世界文化瑰宝，均以整石雕刻而成，前面10根为深浮雕，每柱二龙戏珠，盘绕升腾，栩栩如生，刀法刚劲有力，各具变化。过去皇帝来了，都是将此柱用黄布围裹。他们若看见恐怕也会自惭不如。两侧及后廊龙柱为浅浮雕，每柱72条龙，总共1296条。大成殿内供奉着孔子塑像，两侧为四配，东西是复圣颜回、述圣孔及，西面是宗圣曾参和亚圣孟子。再外是12哲。每年9月26日、9月28日，我们都在这里举行盛大国际孔子文化节和孔子诞辰纪念仪式，表演大型祭孔乐舞和“箫韶乐舞”，举行丰富多彩文化、旅游活动，欢迎各位到时光临。

三孔导游词 篇15

　　早知曲阜是孔子的家乡，这是我仰慕已久的地方。于是，今年的暑假我和爸爸妈妈就一起去到曲阜参观著名的三孔——孔庙、孔府、孔林。

　　首先，我们去了孔庙。在中国，孔庙有很多，但历史最久、规模最大、等级最高应属位于山东曲阜市南门内的第一座孔庙，它又称圣庙，与北京故宫、承德避暑山庄并称东方三大古建筑群。我们沿着护城河慢慢向前走，导游阿姨边走边介绍说：“护城河是一条很奇怪的河，它不是顺道而行的，而是逆行的……”听着听着，不知不觉中我们渐渐地走到了孔庙。

　　走进大门，“金声玉振”四个大字在阳光的照射下闪闪生辉。“这个石门究竟有着怎么样的来历呢?”我心里暗想，终于，我把这个疑问说了出来，“孟子对孔子有过这样的评价：‘孔子之谓集大成。集大成者，金声而玉振之也。金声也者，始条理也;玉振之也者，终条理也’。‘金声’、‘玉振’表示奏乐的全过程，以击钟开始，这就是金声，以击磐告终，这就是玉振。以此象征孔子思想集古圣先贤之大成，赞颂孔子对文化的巨大贡献。为了纪念这个小典故，后人把孔庙门前的第一座石坊命名为‘金声玉振’。”导游阿姨应声回答，真不愧是导游阿姨啊!

　　走完孔庙，那当然要走走孔府啦!孔府是孔子的子孙后代住的地方，孔府有大厅、有大堂、有楼房。东边是庙，西边是学堂，中间是建筑物。建筑物十分高大、雄伟。孔府的后花园里有池塘，池塘里有许许多多的小锦鲤，在池塘里自由自在地游来游去。

　　最后，我们去了孔林，孔林是孔子及世世代代子孙的墓地，也是世界上最大的家族墓地。园内古木森森，林下墓家累累，碑蝎林立，石仪成队。

　　曲阜三孔，雄伟壮丽，它不仅是儒家文化的载体，更是中华文明的沧桑足迹!

三孔导游词 篇16

　　The reason why Qufu is famous all over the world is closely related to thename of Confucius. Confucius is one of the greatest philosophers in the worldand the founder of Chinese Confucianism. In the long history of more than 20__years, Confucian culture has gradually become the orthodox culture of China, andhas influenced the countries in East and Southeast Asia, and has become thecornerstone of the whole oriental culture. Qufu's Confucius Mansion, ConfuciusTemple and Confucius forest, collectively referred to as "three Confucius", is asymbol of China's history of commemorating Confucius and advocatingConfucianism. It is famous for its rich cultural heritage, long history, grandscale, rich cultural relics collection and scientific and artistic value.Because of its prominent position in Chinese history and oriental culture, it ishonored as one of the three holy cities in the world.

　　The original name of Confucius Mansion is Yansheng mansion. Located in theeast of Confucius Temple, it is the office of Confucius' eldest grandson. LiuBang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, offered sacrifices to Confucius' tomb andmade Confucius' ninth grandson the king of worship, representing the state. Inthe Song Dynasty, it was granted the title of Yan Shenggong. In the 10th year ofHongwu in Ming Dynasty, an independent Yansheng government was established.There are more than 480 buildings, halls and halls. The former is the governmentoffice, and the latter is the inner house. There are famous Confucius archivesand a large number of cultural relics in the mansion.

　　Confucius' mansion, known as "the first house in the world", is theresidence of Confucius' lineage for a long time. It is also a typical buildingof the combination of government office and inner residence in Chinese feudalsociety. After the death of Confucius, the descendants of Confucius lived nextto the temple for generations to take care of the relics of Confucius. By theend of the Northern Song Dynasty, the houses of the descendants of Confucius hadbeen expanded to dozens. By the Jin Dynasty, the descendants of Confucius hadalways been in the east of the temple. With the promotion of Confucius' officialposition and the improvement of his title, the buildings of Confucius' mansionhad been expanded to the present scale in the song, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Nowthe Confucius Mansion covers an area of about 7.4 hectares, with 480 ancientbuildings, nine courtyards in front and back, and three roads in the middle,East and West.

　　The gate of Confucius' mansion is a five purlin hanging mountain stylebuilding, and the plaque reads "Shengfu" written by Yan Song of Ming Dynasty.There is a couplet on both sides of the door, which is "the same day as thestate and Xianxiu, an Fu and Zunrong mansion, and the old article" moral sagefamily ". The word" Fu "is a little less, which means" wealth without a head ",and the word" Zhang "is vertical to the top, which means" the article reachesheaven ". This couplet summarizes the style of" sage family "for thousands ofyears.

　　Following the example of the six ministries of the feudal dynasty, theConfucius government set up six halls. On both sides of the two gates, they wereGuangou hall, Baihu hall, classics hall, sile hall, Zhiyin hall, Zhangshu halland public administration hall. Ming Dynasty building, a total of five deepthree, spacious and generous, for the year read the edict, meet officials, trialof major cases.

　　The Confucius Mansion covers an area of 240 mu, with 463 halls, halls,buildings and rooms. Nine into the courtyard, three road layout: the east roadis the east school, jianyiguan hall, muen hall, Kongs family temple andworkshops; the west road is the west school, hongyuxuan, Zhongshu hall, Anhuaihall and Huating hall; the main part of the Confucius Mansion is in the MiddleRoad, the front is the government office, the front is three halls and sixhalls, the back is the inner house, the front upper room, the front and backhall, the auxiliary building, the back six rooms, and finally the garden.

三孔导游词 篇17

　　女士们、先生们：曲阜是我国古代伟大的思想家、政治家、教育家孔子的故乡，全国首批公布的24个历史文化名城之一。孔子有句名言：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”今天，我有幸为各位担任导游，十分高兴。我将尽力为大家提供满意的服务，不足之处，请批评指正。

　　曲阜概况 在参观“三孔”之前，请允许我把曲阜概况介绍一下：

　　曲阜地处鲁中山区和鲁西南平原的交界处，北依泰山，南引峄山，东连沂蒙群山，西俯千畴平原。地势东高西低，境内泗河、沂河等河流均自东向西流淌，自古就有“圣人门前倒流水”之说。物产丰富的，景色宜人的。大诗人李白曾描写曲阜：“笑夸故人指绝境，山光水色青如兰”。

　　曲阜历史悠久，早在五六千年前，我们的祖先就在这里繁衍生息，创造了人类早期的文明。不少古籍中，还有炎帝、少吴徙都于曲阜，黄帝生于寿丘(曲阜城东8里 处)，舜于寿丘作什器的记载。可见，中国远古时代最有影响的三皇五帝中就有四人在曲阜留下了踪迹。尽管这是传说，但也并不是毫无根据的。从境内保存下来的20余处大汶口文化和龙山文化遗址中仍可见到我们的祖先征服自然的遗迹。 “曲阜”一名最早见于《礼记》。东汉应劭解释说：“鲁城东有阜，委曲长七八里，故名曲阜。”商代前期，曲阜名奄，是商王朝的重要属国的。周代自“封周公于曲阜”800余年，曲阜为鲁国都城，是当时我国一个重要的政治、经济、文化中心。春秋时期，孔子首创私人讲学之风，“弟子三千，贤者七十有二”遍及全国各地，又成了当时的教育中心的。鲁国是曲阜历史上的黄金时期，以“礼仪之邦”著称于世，故山东省现仍沿用“鲁”作为简称的。公元前 249年，楚灭鲁，置鲁县，秦代属薛郡，西汉时为鲁国都，魏晋南北朝时为鲁郡治。隋开皇十六年(596年)，首定曲阜为县名。宋代改称仙源县，金代恢复曲阜县名至今。1986年撤县制，始称曲阜市。现面积为890平方公里，人口60余万。 悠久的历史，灿烂的文化，给曲阜留下了大量的文物古迹，主要的有110余处，其中孔庙、孔府、孔林及鲁国故城遗址被列为全国首批公布的重点文物保护单位，另有11处列为全省重要文物保护单位。“三孔”还于1994年被联合国列为世界文化遗产。

　　新中国建立后，特别是党的十一届三中全会以来，党和对曲阜的文物古迹十分关注，国家先后拨款3000多万元对“三孔”进行了全面修茸。近年来，为了大力发展旅游事业，曲阜又相继开发建设了孔子六艺城、论语碑苑、鲁国盛世华夏文化城等一批新的旅游景点，形成人文与自然景观，新老景点浑然一体，相映生辉的旅游资源新格局，成为中外游人向往的文化旅游胜地。

三孔导游词 篇18

　　“孔庙、孔府、孔林”并称“三孔”，是国家第一批重点文物保护单位，1994年被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。20xx年5月8日，孔子故里——曲阜(三孔)旅游区经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。“孔庙、孔府、孔林”既是中国古代推崇儒家思想的象征和标志，也是研究中国历史、文化、艺术的重要实物。

　　孔庙：始建于公元前478年，是中国现存规模仅次于故宫的古建筑群，堪称中国古代大型祠庙建筑的典范，是中国三大古建筑群之一，在世界建筑史上占有重要地位。孔庙共有九进院落，纵向轴线贯穿整座建筑，左右对称，布局严谨，纵长630米，横宽140米，有殿、堂、坛、阁460多间，门坊54座，“御碑亭”13座，占地面积约9600平方米。孔庙内的圣迹殿、十三碑亭及大成殿东西两庑，陈列着大量碑碣石刻，特别是这里保存的汉碑，在全国是数量最多的，历代碑刻亦不乏珍品，其碑刻之多仅次西安碑林，所以它有我国第二碑林之称。

　　孔府：也称“衍圣公府”，是孔子嫡系长孙历代衍圣公的官衙住宅。孔子后代赐爵始于公元前195年(汉高祖十二年)，随着历代帝王对孔子后代赐封的不断升高，孔府的建筑规模也不断扩大，宋仁宗宝元元年(公元1038年) 开始扩建孔府，明嘉靖年间又改建，奠定了今天的规模，成为我国仅次于北京故宫的贵族府第，号称“天下第一家”。孔府占地16万平方米，有楼轩厅堂463间，院落九进，布局分东、西、中三路：东路为家祠所在地，报本堂、桃庙等;西路为衍圣公读书、学诗学礼、燕居吟咏和会客之所，忠恕堂、安怀堂，南北花厅为招待一般来宾的客室;中路是孔府的主体部分，前为官衙，设三堂六厅，后为内宅，最后是花园。孔府内存大批历史文物，最著名的是“商周十器”, 亦称“十供”，形制古雅，纹饰精美，原为宫廷所藏青铜礼器，清于乾隆三十六年赏赐孔府。还存有金石、陶瓷、竹木、牙雕、玉雕、珍珠、玛瑙、珊瑚以及元、明、清各代各式衣冠剑履、袍笏器皿，另有历代名人字画，其中元代七梁冠为国内仅存。孔府是我国封建社会中典型的官衙与内宅合一的贵族府邸。

　　孔林：又称至圣林，是孔子及其子孙后代的家族墓地，孔林现有坟冢10万余座，是世界上延时最久、规模最大的家族墓地。孔林还可称为是一座天然植物园。相传孔子去逝后，“弟子各以四方奇木来植，故多异树”，林内现有各类古树名木10万余株，上千类花草树木，争相斗艳。孔林又称得上名副其实的露天博物馆。在万木掩映的孔林中，碑石如林，石仪成群，各种墓碑、题记4000余块，石仪、门坊300余座。除一批著名汉碑移入孔庙外，林内尚有李格非、吴宽、黄养正、严嵩、孔尚任、桂馥、翁方钢、何绍基、阮元、施润章、康有为等著名人士及孔子嫡系后裔题写的墓碑文。这里既可考春秋之葬，证秦汉之墓，又可研究我国历代经济、文化发展和丧葬风俗的演变。

三孔导游词 篇19

　　尊敬的各位游客：

　　你们好!我是大家的导游小陈，首先对光临名城曲阜参观游览的各位佳宾表示热烈地欢迎。我有幸为大家导游陪同参观，非常高兴，这是咱们共同颀赏学习的好机会。

　　首先，向大家简要介绍一下曲阜的历史、文物概况。

　　历史文化名城曲阜是我国古代伟大的思想家、教育家、政治家、文献整理家、世之圣人圣人孔子的家乡，亚圣孟子的故里，中华民族的始祖轩辕黄帝的诞生地，炎帝的首都，商殷故国，鲁国首都。三皇五帝有四位在这里生息劳作，有5000多年的历史。地下有丰富的宝藏，地上有众多的文物。现有文物112处，其中有联合国保护单位，世界文化遗产3处，全国保护的4处，省级12处，其他为地市级保护的。

　　重中之重有“三孔两庙一陵”、“三山二林一寺”。孔庙、孔府、孔林，俗称“三孔”，有祭祀中国元圣周公的庙宇，有祭祀圣人孔子第一大弟子复圣颜回的庙，俗称“两庙”;“一陵”是黄帝诞生地--寿丘少昊陵;“三山”;圣人孔子出生地尼山、汉墓群九龙山、小泰山--九仙山(又称九山)。二林是：世界教育孩子最好的母亲孟母林，圣人孔子父母埋葬地梁公林;“一寺”是李白、杜甫作诗、答对、分手处，著名文人孔尚任隐居处国家园林“石门寺”。

　　我们现在看孔庙。

　　孔庙，又称至圣庙，是祭祀圣人孔子及其夫人亓官氏和七十二贤人的地方。孔庙同北京的故宫、河北承德市避暑山庄并称中国的三大古建筑群。专家对孔庙讲了四名话：建筑时间最久远、最宏大、保存最完整、东方建筑特色最突出。从孔庙可看出两个问题：一是圣人孔子对中国乃至东方文化的巨大贡献;二是中国在历史上就有能工巧匠。

　　孔庙始建于公元前478年，圣人孔子去世的第二年建庙。在圣人孔子故居建庙堂三间，陈列圣人孔子的衣、车、书等，“岁时奉祀”。历代皇帝对孔庙都有扩建，计大修15次，中修31次，小修数百次达到现在的规模。孔庙仿皇宫建筑之制，分三路布局，九过院落，共有房屋466间，门亭54座，东西相对贯穿在一条中轴线上，有碑碣近千块，占地327.5亩，长达两华里又150公尺。

　　现在看到的孔庙是明弘治年间的规模。解放后国家多次拨款维修保护。我国首批公布的全国重点文物保护单位，1994年12月列入世界文化遗产，成为联合国保护的文物单位，孔庙建筑时间之久远，规模之宏大，保存之完整实属世之罕见。

　　神道。“万仞宫墙”前古柏苍劲的这段路为“神道”。重要的庙宇前都有专开的尊敬灵通之道，称“神道”。

　　万仞宫墙。这道门是曲阜明城正南门，也是孔庙的第一道门，上悬“万仞宫墙”四个大字，系清乾隆皇帝的御笔。孔庙来源于圣人孔子得意弟子子贡。鲁国大会诸侯时，有人提出子贡的学问博大精深，可与圣人孔子相提并论，子贡在场，马上站起来说，我可不敢与俺老师圣人孔子比，人的学问好比一堵墙，我这道墙只有一仞之高，俺老师的墙有数仞之多。就是说，我的学问等于一肩膀头子高，一目了然没什么深奥的;圣人孔子的学问有我数倍之多，经过详细的研究，全面的探讨，才能了解他的全部，入了门以后，才能看到宗庙之美，在门外头你是看不到的。后人为了形容圣人孔子的学问高深，从夫子之墙数仞，到“百仞”、“千仞”到明代皇帝封圣人孔子为“天下文官主，历代帝王师”，封圣人孔子学问有“万仞”，赞颂圣人孔子学问有一万个八尺，往上看，看不到顶，亦说此墙深壁高垒非常坚固。这四个字原为明钦差所写，乾隆为表示他对圣人孔子的重视，亲书“万仞宫墙”换上了他的御笔。

　　金声玉振坊。此坊建于明代，为表达圣人孔子学问精湛而完美，如同奏乐的全过程，自始至终完整无缺。古乐是以敲钟开始，钟起“始条理也”，是击磬告终，“玉振”为磬落的声音，称“终条理也”，赞扬圣人孔子的学问是集先贤先圣之大成，所以称“金声而玉振也”，“金声”钟的声音，始，“玉振”磬的声音，终。这也是办事要“有始有终”成语的来源。“金声玉振”是明代大书法家胡缵宗题定的。

　　“二柏担一孔”。过玉振坊这个单孔的石拱桥，东西各有一棵古柏，所以人称“二柏担一孔”。这桥名曰：“泮水桥”与行宫旁泮水池的水相通，因之演义为“盼水”。过去读孔孟之书，考上高等学府叫“入盼”，做官的盼高升，做买卖盼发财，过日子盼兴旺。

　　下马碑。庙墙外东西各立一块石碑，公元1191年专立的下马碑，下轿碑。西边的碑早毁坏，东边这块碑上写“官员人等至此下马”。过去文武官员、庶民百姓从此路过下轿下马徒步而行，以示对圣人孔子、孔庙的尊敬。

　　棂星门。明代所建，公元1754年重修，由木制改铁石的。“棂星门”系乾隆御笔。相传天上星系“有二十八宿”，其中，有个掌管文化的星叫“棂星”，又名“文曲星”、“天振星”，把圣人孔子与天上管文化的星联系起来，说文化方面他是最高的，如过去祭天，要先祭“文曲星”，有尊孔如尊天的说法。

　　太和元气坊。这坊是明代公元1544年所建，极赞圣人孔子的思想，主张如同“太空宇宙能哺育万物。天地之合，四方之合，阴阳之合”，称“太和”之气是最基本的东西，宇宙之太和，人间之元气。“太和元气”系山东巡抚曾铣手书。

　　至圣庙坊。明代所建“至圣庙坊”，是汉白玉的，上饰火焰宝珠。

　　德侔天地，道冠古今。这道院的东西对衬各建一处很奇特的牌坊，木制角棱环绕，千头万续，下有八个怪兽，叫“天龙神狮”，相传孔庙威严灵感，可驱除邪恶，匡扶正义。东边牌坊上书：“德侔天地”，说圣人孔子的思想主张给人类的好处如同天高地厚，功德能同天地相比。西边的牌坊上书“道冠古今”，赞圣人孔子思想、办法古今都是盖世之冠。

　　圣时门。三门并列，四道台皆同上，中央盘龙。此门命名来源于孟子，对古代四位圣人伯夷、伊尹、柳下惠、圣人孔子，孟子把四圣人的圣迹归纳为四句话：伯夷圣之清者也，伊尹圣之任者也，柳下惠圣之和者也，圣人孔子圣之时者也。“圣时”极赞圣人孔子思想主张经久不衰，是适合时代的圣人。皇帝来曲阜朝孔要行“三跪九叩大礼”，走圣时门;历代“衍圣公”出生时打开“圣时门”，除这两种情况外，此门不轻易开启。都走快覩门、仰高门。

　　快覩门，取先睹为快之意。就是说圣人孔子的学问“五经四书”，谁先学谁先有文化，谁先学谁先有知识，争相学习，以先见到先读为快乐。

　　仰高门。根据颜回赞扬圣人孔子的一段话命名的。颜回说，夫子之道，仰之弥高，钻之弥坚。赞圣人孔子学问向上看不到顶，叫“弥高”，学起来文言文很难懂，叫“弥坚”，高不是高不可攀，经过努力是完全可以学到的。颜回说“夫子循循然，善诱人，博我以文，说我以礼。”俺老师循循善诱，教我以文化，施我以礼节。

　　汉石人。仰高门里亭子里有两位历史价值很高的汉石人，一位是“亭长”，(汉代地方小官)，一位府门之卒，都是鲁王墓前守卫的。石人被历代金石学家所重视，对研究汉代服装和文字有重要价值。

　　孔府是衙宅合一，园宅结合的范例

　　孔庙的东侧是孔府，是圣人孔子嫡长孙世袭的府第。始建于宋代，经历代不断扩建，形成现在的规模。占地200余亩，有房舍480余间。官衙和住宅建在一起，是一座典型的封建贵族庄园，衙 署大堂用于接受皇帝颁发的圣旨，或处理家族内事务。孔府后院有一座花园，幽雅清新，布局别具匠心，可称园林佳作，也是园宅结合的范例。孔府藏有大量的历史档案、传世文物，历代服饰和用具等，都及其珍贵。

　　孔林是延续年代最久、保存最完整的家族墓地

　　孔林又称至圣林，在曲阜城北门外，占地3000亩，周围砖砌林墙长达14里，是圣人孔子和他的后代子孙们的家族墓地。孔林内柏桧夹道，进入孔林要经过1200米的墓道，然后穿过石牌坊、石桥、甬道、到达圣人孔子墓前。圣人孔子的坟墓封土高6米，墓东是圣人孔子之子孔鲤和他的孙子孔伋 的坟墓。在孔林中，有的墓前还存有石雕的华表、石人、石兽。这些都是依照墓中人当时被封爵位的品级设置的，整个孔林延用2520xx年，内有坟冢 十余万座。其延续时间之久，模葬之多，保存之完好，举世罕见。

三孔导游词 篇20

　　Hello, ladies and gentlemen. My name is __X. Today, I will take you tovisit the "three Confucius": Confucius' mansion, Confucius' temple andConfucius' forest. Confucius has a famous saying: "it's a pleasure to havefriends from afar." I'm very happy to be a tour guide. I will try my best toserve you. Please criticize and correct the shortcomings. Before visitingSankong, please allow me to introduce Qufu. Qufu is located at the junction ofLuzhong district and southwest plain of Shandong Province. Li Bai, a great poet,once described Qufu as "laughing and boasting of old friends, pointing to adesperate situation, with mountains and waters as green as orchids".

　　Now let's visit the Confucius Temple. Confucius Temple, located in thecenter of Qufu City, is a charming building built by ancient people for thegreat thought and broad spiritual quality of Confucius. It covers an area of327.5 mu, with a length of 1 km from north to south. There are 466 buildings and54 gateways. In addition, there are more than 1700 ancient trees in the temple,one by one rushing into the sky. It is said that anyone who dares to cut downone will be beheaded. Every tree, every door's name contains Confucius' thoughtof "benevolence".

　　The Confucius Mansion is adjacent to the Confucius Temple. It is theresidence of the eldest son of Confucius. It has three roads and ninecourtyards. There are 463 buildings and a back garden, covering an area of 240mu. Confucius Mansion, also known as "Yansheng mansion". "Yan Sheng" means that"Sheng Dao" and "Sheng Yi" can propagate and continue to enter the gate ofConfucius' mansion. From then on, Confucius' mansion can be divided into threeroads: the East Road has Yiguan hall, muen hall, Confucius' family temple, etc.;the west road is the place where Confucius' mansion received distinguishedguests and studied, including red calyx hall, Zhongshu hall, Anhuai hall, flowerhall, etc; The middle road is the main building of Confucius' mansion, the firsthalf of which is the government office, and the second half is the innerhouse.

　　Kong Lin is a special cemetery for Confucius family, and also the longestdelayed and largest family cemetery in the world. It covers an area of more than3000 mu. The surrounding walls are 3 meters high, 1.5 meters thick and 14.5 Lilong. There are more than 100000 trees and hundreds of plants in the forest.Among the trees, there are many steles and statues, which are very spectacular.Now free activity for 3 hours, you can visit the "three holes" by yourself, youcan also play games, picnics and other activities, but you must ensure health.This is the end of the visit to "three holes"!

三孔导游词 篇21

　　8月18日，我和外公去曲阜--孔子的故乡参观三孔：孔林、孔庙、孔府。那是一个晴朗的天气，我们先到孔林，孔林很大，占地面积大约有三千多亩，是全国最大的私人墓地。孔林中的孔子墓前有一条神道，两边有石人石马的雕像，这是当年皇帝才能有的。孔子的墓十分特别，他的墓旁边是儿子的墓，前面是他孙子的墓，是抱子携孙墓，他的孙子就是孟子的老师。

　　接着，我们来到了孔庙，这是天下第一家庙。有高大的牌坊，红墙黄瓦，雕梁画栋的房屋就和皇宫一样。最大的房子是大成殿，有故宫的太和殿那样大，房子前面有十根石头柱子，上面雕有盘龙花纹，非常壮观。孔庙有十三座高大的亭子，里面有很多皇帝的题词。庙里还有一个有趣的现象，一个屋顶的角伸到了对面亭子的两个角当中去了，导游说这叫做"勾心斗角"，是成语的来源哟! 孔府里有道门，在有大事时才开，平时绕道而行，外堂是办公地方，内堂是住宿的地方，后面有座花园，是平时游玩的地方。

三孔导游词 篇22

　　In the southwest of Shandong Province, there is a county-level city withone fifth of the population surnamed Kong. It is Qufu, which has a long historyof more than 5000 years.

　　The reason why Qufu is famous all over the world is closely related to thename of Confucius. Confucius is one of the greatest philosophers in the worldand the founder of Chinese Confucianism. In the long history of more than 20__years, Confucian culture has gradually become the orthodox culture of China, andhas influenced the countries in East and Southeast Asia, and has become thecornerstone of the whole oriental culture.

　　Qufu's Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple and Confucius forest,collectively referred to as "three Confucius", is a symbol of China's history ofcommemorating Confucius and advocating Confucianism. It is famous for its richcultural heritage, long history, grand scale, rich cultural relics collectionand scientific and artistic value. Because of its prominent position in Chinesehistory and oriental culture, it is listed as a world cultural heritage byUNESCO and honored as one of the three holy cities in the world.

三孔导游词 篇23

　　Before I came to Qufu, many of my friends may have known a lot about Qufuand Confucius, but some of them didn't know much about them. Now, before I enterthe scenic spots, I'd like to briefly introduce Qufu and Confucius.

　　Qufu is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, China. There are620000 people in Qufu, including an urban population of 100000 and an area of890 square kilometers. The word "Qufu" first appeared in Erya. Ying Shaoexplained in the Eastern Han Dynasty that there was a Fu in the city of Lu, andWeiqu was seven or eight Li long, so it was named "Qufu". In 1012, the fifthyear of dazhongxiangfu, Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, in order tocommemorate the birth of Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of the Chinesenation, in Qufu, he once changed his name to Xianyuan county. In 1129, EmperorTaizong of the Jin Dynasty renamed Qufu, which is still in use today. Qufu is asmall city. However, Qufu is also an ancient city with 5000 years ofcivilization and culture. In this sacred and ancient land, there are four peopleleft traces of the three emperors and five emperors in ancient Chinese legend.According to historical records, Emperor Century and other historical records,"the Yellow Emperor was born in Shouqiu", "SHAOHAO ascended the throne from thepoor sang, called Qufu as the capital, and was buried in Yunyang mountain". Now,eight miles east of Qufu, there is still a pyramid tomb, SHAOHAO mausoleum.There is a Chinese saying that "people go to the top, water flows to thebottom". Can we understand that our ancestors of the Chinese nation migratedfrom here, from the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River to the CentralPlains, to the Loess Plateau, while our mother's rivers, the Yellow River andthe Yangtze River, galloped down from the Loess Plateau, and finally flowed intothe sea In fact, most of the sages in Jiangbei came from Qufu. In the feudaltimes of China, there were six saints granted by the emperor. They wereConfucius, Mencius, fushengyanzi, shushengzisi, zongshengzengzi andyuanshengzhougong. The first four were born in Qufu. The last two were disciplesof Confucius and fiefdoms in Qufu. Zhougong was the king of the state of Lu for33 generations, and Shandong has been called Lu since then. Now there are manycultural relics in Qufu, including 4 national cultural relics, 11 provincialrelics and more than 100 municipal relics. In 1982, Qufu was announced by theState Council as one of the first batch of 24 historical and cultural cities inChina. In 1994, Qufu's "three Confucius" was officially listed as a worldcultural heritage by the United Nations. Because of its important contributionto Oriental culture, many people call Qufu one of the three holy cities in theworld: "Oriental Mecca". Here, you have to ponder, but also can not helpfeeling, because here is deeply rooted in the Chinese nation, deeply rooted intraditional Chinese culture.

　　Dear friends, in China, in the East, a land with a history of 5000 years ofcivilization, you may not understand the inscriptions on bronzes, or what thehuman head and animal body represent or symbolize. However, when you walk intothe life of the Chinese people and walk on the ancient land where the Chinesenation thrives and works to create, you can feel and touch the Confucian culturein the daily life of the Chinese people, and then you can experience thedifferences between the Chinese people and other nationalities in their way oflife, customs and ideals. No matter from which angle or level you explore thepersonality and character of the Chinese nation, it is not difficult to find thegene of Confucian culture. In the long process of historical evolution,Confucian culture has almost become the synonym of Chinese traditional culture.The founder of Confucian culture is Confucius.

　　Confucius was born in 551 B.C. and died in 479 B.C. at the age of 73. WhenConfucius was 3 years old, his father uncle Liang he died. When he was 16 yearsold, his mother Yan Zheng died. Young Confucius became an orphan and began hislife of making a living, studying and struggling alone in a hierarchical feudalsociety.

　　As a young man, Confucius studied hard and asked questions frequently. Inhis youth, he mastered the six arts of etiquette, music, archery, imperial,calligraphy and mathematics, and then mastered the six classics of poetry,calligraphy, etiquette, music, changes and spring and autumn, which laid thefoundation for the establishment of Confucian culture.

　　At the age of 30, Confucius set up a school to teach students, and began along education career. He was the first to give private lectures in China, toface the public, and to advocate "education without discrimination". He becamethe first great educator in China and the world.

　　When Confucius was 51 years old, he became a magistrate of Zhongdu county.Later, he worked as a prime minister in Lu. However, not long after that, heresigned and left the state of Lu to begin his 14 year tour of othercountries.

　　When Confucius returned to the state of Lu at the age of 68, he devotedalmost all his energy to teaching and literature collation until his death.Confucius's life is a life of wandering and suffering, a life of hard work andencouragement, a life of spring breeze and rain, a life of cultivating talents,a life of writing books and writing stories, and a life of saving the world.Today, although his body has gone up in smoke and ashes, his thoughts havepenetrated into the hearts of every Oriental. He has cast the personality andcharacter of the Chinese nation. With the development of history and socialprogress, Confucius will also guide mankind to stride into the 21st century.

　　There are many cultural relics and tourist attractions in Qufu, most ofwhich are related to Confucius and Confucius culture. Now we are located in theSouth Gate of the ancient city of qufuming. To the north of the gate is theConfucius Temple, which is known as one of the three ancient buildings in China.There are four characters "Wanren palace wall" above the gate. Ren is an ancientunit of length, one Ren is about 8 feet. It is said that some people praisedConfucius disciple Zigong for his knowledge. After hearing that, Zigong said,"human knowledge is like a palace wall. My knowledge is only as high as the topof the wall. People can see everything in the wall when they see it. ButConfucius, my teacher, has several walls. If you don't find other doors, youcan't see the beauty of the temple and the variety of houses inside the wall.".In order to express their admiration for Confucius, Hu zuanzong in Ming Dynastywrote "Wanren palace wall" on the city gate. In order to show his worship forConfucius, Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty took down the stele and replaced itwith "Wanren palace wall". This is the origin of "Wanren palace wall".

　　Confucius Temple is a temple built by later generations to offer sacrificesto Confucius. It was built in the second year after Confucius died. With an areaof 327.5 mu, it imitates the Imperial Palace system. It is divided into ninecourtyards and arranged symmetrically on the left and right. The whole buildingcomplex has 466 rooms, including five halls, one Pavilion, one altar, twoverandas, two halls, 17 stele pavilions and 54 gate squares, with a length ofabout 1 km from north to south. Confucius Temple is the only isolated example inthe history of architecture in the world, which is magnificent, large in area,long in history and well preserved.

　　Outside the east wall of the gate of Confucius Temple, there is a tabletsaying "officials and people wait to dismount here". In the past, any officialwho came here, military officials would dismount and civil officials woulddismount to show respect for Confucius.

　　The first stone square of Confucius Temple is called "Jin Sheng Yu Zhensquare". Mencius once had such a comment on Confucius, he said: "Confucius iscalled jidacheng, jidacheng, Jinsheng and yuzhenzhi.". "Jin Sheng, Yu Zhen"refers to the whole process of playing music, which starts with striking thebell and ends with striking the rock. It refers to the great achievement ofConfucius' thought of gathering ancient sages and sages. On the lotus throneabove the stone square, there is a unicorn monster called "ward off evilspirits" or "roar from the sky". This is the only ornament that can be used inthe Royal Palace of feudal society.

　　The first gate of Confucius Temple is called "Lingxing gate". "Latticestar" is also known as Tiantian star. The ancients worshipped heaven first."Lingxingmen" was written by Qianlong. "Taihe Yuanqi" square is similar to"Jinsheng Yuzhen" square. The inscription is written by Zeng Mian, governor ofShandong Province in Ming Dynasty, praising Confucius thought as heaven andearth produce all things. There is a waist gate in the East and west of thecourtyard, and it is written in the East that "demou is as big as heaven andearth, and his theory is the best in ancient and modern times.". This gate iscalled "Shengshi gate". From here, we can feel profound and profound. The word"holy time" is taken from the sentence "Confucius, the sage of the time" inMencius, which means that among the sages, Confucius is the most suitable onefor the times.

　　When you cross the Shengshi gate, you will face the small stone bridge,which is called Bishui bridge. There are two gates on both sides of the bridgeto the south. The east gate is called "quick view gate", which means to seefirst. The west gate is called "Yanggao gate", which praises Confucius' profoundknowledge. When we enter the gate, we call it "Hongdao gate". These three wordsare taken from the sentence "people can promote Taoism" in the Analects ofConfucius. Weixing Gong, in order to praise Confucius for expounding the "Tao"of Yao, Shun, Tang and Wenwu. This gate is also the gate of Confucius Temple in1377. Then there is "dazhongmen". Dazhongmen is the gate of Confucius Temple inSong Dynasty. Its original name is "gonghemen". Its meaning is related toConfucius' doctrine of the mean. Looking south from this gate, we can see thehistorical evolution of Confucius Temple on the one hand, and the continuousexpansion of Confucius temple on the other. These buildings include Qing Dynastybuildings, Ming Dynasty buildings and Song Dynasty buildings. They were built indifferent times The craftsmen are different, but they all cooperate with eachother and complement each other to form a whole. Looking at the Confucius templearchitecture, we can see part of the development history of Chinese feudalsociety.

　　This monument was erected in 1468, the fourth year of Chenghua in MingDynasty, so it is also called "Chenghua monument". It was erected by ZhuJianshen, Emperor Xianzong of Ming Dynasty. The monument is 6 meters high and 2meters wide. This tablet is famous for its exquisite calligraphy, and itsinscription is written in the form of argumentation, which can be said to be themost highly respected of Confucius. Please look at the upper right corner. Itsays: "only the way of Confucius can not be absent in one day when there is aworld." it also says: "the way of Confucius is in the world, like cloth, silk,millet and Shu, and people's daily use can not be absent.". The animal under themonument is not a tortoise. It's called _ 屭. It's the son of the dragon. It canbear heavy loads, so it's used to carry the monument. There's a saying that "adragon has nine sons, but not a dragon". In the Confucius Temple, you can seethe dragon and his nine sons. Local people often come here to touch _ 屭. Theysay: "touch _ 屭's head, never worry, touch _ 屭, never get sick.".

　　The wooden structure in front of us is called "Kuiwen Pavilion", which usedto be the library of Confucius Temple. "Kuixing" is one of the twenty-eightconstellations, with sixteen stars, "buckled and hooked, like a painting ofwords". Later, people evolved it into the head of civil servants. The feudalemperors compared Confucius to the Kuixing star in the sky, so Confucius wasalso known as "civil servants of all ages". The pavilion is 23.35 meters high,30.1 meters wide and 17.62 meters deep, with triple cornices and four layers ofbrackets. Its structure is solid and reasonable. During the reign of EmperorKangxi, there was a big earthquake in Qufu, where "nine houses in the worldexist, one in the world exists". However, Kuiwen Pavilion stands upright andsafe, which shows the wisdom and superb architectural art of the ancient workingpeople in China.

　　We are now entering the sixth courtyard of the Confucius Temple. In frontof you are 13 stele pavilions, 8 in the South and 5 in the north. There are 55stone tablets of Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in the pavilion. Mostof the inscriptions are in Chinese, Ba Si Ba and Manchu. The stone tablet in themiddle of this row, weighing about 65 tons, was collected from Xishan Mountainin Beijing. At that time, it was a miracle to transport such a weight stonetablet from thousands of miles away to Qufu. There is one gate in the East andone gate in the west of the courtyard, which is the third waist gate of theConfucius Temple.

　　Now we enter dachengmen. Dachengmen refers to dachengmen in the world.There are five gates in this row. The most western gate is qishengmen, which isdedicated to Confucius' parents. Dachengmen in the middle road is supplementedby jinshengmen and yuzhenmen. The middle road is the most central place ofConfucius Temple, and chengshengmen in the East, which was Confucius' formerresidence.

　　As we all know, Confucius is a great thinker, educator and statesman. Inour opinion, Confucius is first of all an educator. He is the first teacher inChina. The feudal emperor named him "the most sage and the first teacher" and"the model of all ages". It should be said that he is a teacher of all mankindand is worthy of the name of "engineer of human soul". The "apricot altar" infront of us is said to be the place where Confucius set up the altar to givelectures, and the pavilion was built in the Jin Dynasty to commemorate it. Thefamous scholar Dang huaiying wrote the word "apricot altar". There is an apricottree beside the altar, planted by later generations. In early spring, redflowers bloom and green leaves sway. Therefore, when Emperor Qianlong came topay homage, he once wrote a poem praising it. The poem said: when the rice wasin full bloom again, how could it be that there were many flowers in the world,and the civilization was prosperous all the time.

　　The main hall standing in front of us is the world-famous "Dacheng hall".It is one of the "three main halls" in China. It is as famous as the "Taihehall" in the Forbidden City of Beijing and the "Tianfu hall" in the Dai Templeof Mount Tai. The hall is 24.8 meters high, 45.78 meters wide and 24.8 metersdeep, with carved beams and painted buildings. The golden wall is brilliant,especially the 28 stone pillars around it. They are all world culturaltreasures. They are all carved with whole stones. The front 10 are deep reliefs,with two dragons playing with pearls on each pillar. They are coiled and rising,lifelike, powerful and varied. In the past, when the emperor came, he wrappedthe pillar in yellow cloth. If they see it, they will be ashamed. There are 72dragons in each column, a total of 1296. In the Dacheng hall, there are fourstatues of Confucius on both sides. The East and West are Fusheng Yanhui,Shusheng Kongji, and the west is Zongsheng Zengshen and Yasheng Mencius. Another12. Every year, on September 26 and 28, we hold a grand international ConfuciusCulture Festival and a ceremony to commemorate the birth of Confucius, performlarge-scale music and dance for Confucius and "Xiao Shao music and dance", andhold a variety of cultural and tourism activities. Welcome to our time.

三孔导游词 篇24

　　欢迎来到曲阜。曲阜是我国古代伟大的思想家、政治家、教育家孔子的故乡，全国首批公布的24个历史文化名城之一。孔子有句名言：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”今天，我有幸为各位担任导游，十分高兴。我将尽力为大家提供满意的服务，不足之处，请批评指正。

　　曲阜概况 在参观“三孔”之前，请允许我把曲阜概况介绍一下：

　　曲阜地处鲁中山区和鲁西南平原的交界处，北依泰山，南引峄山，东连沂蒙群山，西俯千畴平原。地势东高西低，境内泗河、沂河等河流均自东向西流淌，自古就有“圣人门前倒流水”之说。物产丰富，景色宜人。大诗人李白曾描写曲阜：“笑夸故人指绝境，山光水色青如兰”。

　　曲阜历史悠久，早在五六千年前，我们的祖先就在这里繁衍生息，创造了人类早期的文明。不少古籍中，还有炎帝、少吴徙都于曲阜，黄帝生于寿丘(曲阜城东8里处)，舜于寿丘作什器的记载。可见，中国远古时代最有影响的三皇五帝中就有四人在曲阜留下了踪迹。尽管这是传说，但也并不是毫无根据的。从境内保存下来的20余处大汶口文化和龙山文化遗址中仍可见到我们的祖先征服自然的遗迹。“曲阜”一名最早见于礼记>>。东汉应劭解释说：“鲁城东有阜，委曲长七八里，故名曲阜。”商代前期，曲阜名奄，是商王朝的重要属国。周代自“封周公于曲阜”800余年，曲阜为鲁国都城，是当时我国一个重要的政治、经济、文化中心。春秋时期，孔子首创私人讲学之风，“弟子三千，贤者七十有二”遍及全国各地，又成了当时的教育中心。鲁国是曲阜历史上的黄金时期，以“礼仪之邦”著称于世，故山东省现仍沿用“鲁”作为简称。公元前249年，楚灭鲁，置鲁县，秦代属薛郡，西汉时为鲁国都，魏晋南北朝时为鲁郡治。隋开皇十六年(596年)，首定曲阜为县名。宋代改称仙源县，金代恢复曲阜县名至今。1986年撤县制，始称曲阜市。现面积为890平方公里，人口60余万。悠久的历史，灿烂的文化，给曲阜留下了大量的文物古迹，主要的有110余处，其中孔庙、孔府、孔林及鲁国故城遗址被列为全国首批公布的重点文物保护单位，另有11处列为全省重要文物保护单位。“三孔”还于1994年被联合国列为世界文化遗产。

　　新中国建立后，特别是党的十一届三中全会以来，党和国家领导人对曲阜的文物古迹十分关注，国家先后拨款3000多万元对“三孔”进行了全面修茸。近年来，为了大力发展旅游事业，曲阜又相继开发建设了孔子六艺城、论语碑苑、鲁国盛世华夏文化城等一批新的旅游景点，形成人文与自然景观，新老景点浑然一体，相映生辉的旅游资源新格局，成为中外游人向往的文化旅游胜地。

　　孔庙的第一座石坊叫“金声玉振坊”。孟子对孔子曾有过这样的评价，他说：“孔子之谓集大成，集大成者，金声而玉振之也”。“金声、玉振”表示奏乐的全过程，以击钟开始，以击磐告终，比喻孔子的思想集古圣先贤之大成。石坊上面莲花宝座上各刻有一个独角怪兽称“辟邪”，也叫“朝天吼”，这是封建社会王爵府第才可使用的饰物。

　　孔庙第一道门叫“棂星门”。“棂星”又名天田星，古人祭天，先要祭棂星。“棂星门”三个字为乾隆所书。“太和元气”坊同“金声玉振”坊差不多，题字为明代山东巡抚曾铣手书，赞颂孔子思想如同天地生育万物。此院东西各有一座腰门，东边上书“德侔天地一样大，他的学说古今来说都是最好的”。这座门叫“圣时门”，由此住里，有博大精深、深不可测之感。“圣时”二字，取<<孟子.万章下>>，“孔子，圣之时者也”句，意思是说，在圣人之中，孔子是最适合时代者。

　　过圣时门迎面小石桥，叫“璧水桥”，桥两侧偏南各有一座门，东门叫“快睹门”，是先睹为快的意思，西门叫“仰高门”赞颂孔子的学问十分高深。我们进入的大门，称“弘道门”，这三个字取自<<论语.卫星公>>“人能弘道”的句子，以此来赞颂孔子阐发了尧舜汤和文武周公之“道”。这道门也是明朝洪武十年(1377年)时孔庙的大门。再往后是“大中门”，大中门是宋朝时期孔庙的大门，原名叫“宫和门”，字的意思与孔子中庸之道的主张有关，由此门向南望去，一方面可以看到孔庙的历史沿革，一方面也可以看到孔庙的不断扩大，这些建筑既有清代建筑，也有明代建筑，还有宋代建筑，它们建的时代不同，工匠不同，但都互相配合，相得益彰，构成一体。看孔庙建筑，同时可以看到一部分中国封建社会的发展史。

　　这块碑立于明成化四年(1468年)，因此也叫“成化碑”，它为明宪宗朱见深所立，碑高6米，宽2米多。这块碑的特点是书法精湛，著称于世，并且碑文用论辩形式写成，在极力推崇孔子方面，可以说是之最。大家请看右上角，那上面写道：“联惟孔子之道，有天下者一日不可无焉”，又说：“孔子之道在天下，如布帛粟菽，民生日用不可暂缺”。这碑下面的动物不是乌龟，叫，是龙的儿子，特别能负重，所以用来驮碑，有句话讲“龙生九子不成龙”，在孔庙内，龙和龙的9个儿子，你都可以看到，当地的老百姓常来这里抚摸这，他们说：“摸摸的头，一辈子不犯愁，摸摸的腚，一辈子不生病”。

　　我们面前的这座木结构建筑名叫“奎文阁”，原是孔庙的藏书楼。“奎星”为二十八星宿之一，有星十六颗，“屈曲相钩，似文字之画”，后来人们把它演化为文官之首，封建帝王把孔子比作天上的奎星，所以孔子又称“历代文官主”。这座楼阁高23.35米，阔30.1米，深17.62米，三重飞檐，四层斗拱，构造坚固而且合理，康熙年间曲阜曾有过一次大地震，“人间房屋倾者九，存者一”，而奎文阁却傲然屹立，安然无恙，由此可见我国古代劳动人民的聪明智慧和高超的建筑艺术。

　　我们现在进入孔庙的第六进院落，展现在大家面前的是13座碑亭，南边8座，北边5座。亭内保存着唐、宋、元、明、清各代石碑共55幢，碑文多为皇帝对孔子的追谥加封、拜庙亲祭、整修庙宇的纪录，用汉文、八思巴文、满文等刻成。此排中间的这座碑，重约65吨，采自北京的西山，在当时，将如此重量的石碑从千里之外，跋山涉水，运至曲阜，不能不说是一个奇迹。此院东、西各有一门，是孔庙第三道腰门，为“东华门、西华门”。

　　我们现在进入大成门，“大成门”是指今天下之大成，这一排共有5门并列，最西边为启圣门，是供奉孔子父母的地方，中路大成门，又有“金声门、玉振门”相佐，中路为孔庙最中心的地方，东为承圣门，原为孔子故居。

　　大家知道，孔子是伟大的思想家，教育家、政治家，我们认为，孔子首先是个教育家，他是中国第一位老师，封建皇帝封他为“至圣先师”“万世师表”，应当说，他是全人类的老师，是名符其实的“人类灵魂工程师”。我们面前的“杏坛”，相传是当年孔子设坛讲学的地方，金代建亭作以纪念，著名文人党怀英书“杏坛”二字。坛侧有棵杏树，为后人所栽，每当初春时节，红花绽开，绿叶摇曳。所以乾隆皇帝来朝拜时，曾赋诗赞之，诗曰：重来又值籼开时，几树东风簇绛枝，岂是人间凡卉比，文明终古共春熙。

　　矗立在我们面前的大殿就是名扬天下的“大成殿”，它是中国的“三大殿”之一，与北京故宫的“太和殿”，泰山岱庙的“天贶殿”齐名，其雄伟壮丽有过之而无不及。殿高24.8米，阔45.78米，深24.8米，雕梁画栋，金壁辉煌，特别是周围28根石柱，为世界文化瑰宝，均以整石雕刻而成，前面10根为深浮雕，每柱二龙戏珠，盘绕升腾，栩栩如生，刀法刚劲有力，各具变化。过去皇帝来了，都是将此柱用黄布围裹。他们若看见恐怕也会自惭不如。两侧及后廊的龙柱为浅浮雕，每柱72条龙，总共1296条。大成殿内供奉着孔子塑像，两侧为四配，东西是复圣颜回、述圣孔及，西面是宗圣曾参和亚圣孟子。再外是12哲。每年9月26日、9月28日，我们都在这里举行盛大的国际孔子文化节和孔子诞辰纪念仪式，表演大型祭孔乐舞和“箫韶乐舞”，举行丰富多彩的文化、旅游活动，欢迎各位到时光临。

　　大成殿两侧的绿瓦长廊叫两半岛，共有80间房屋，是后世供奉先贤先儒的地方，在唐朝受供奉的只有20余人，到了民国多达156人，这些配享原为画像，金时改为塑像，明代改为木制牌位，期间被拆掉。现在两廊中主要存放汉画像石刻和著名古碑。最珍贵的是汉魏六朝石刻22块，如“五凤”“礼器”“乙瑛”“孔庙”“史晨”“张猛龙”碑等，都为国家级石碑，被视为书法艺术的极品，价值连城的瑰宝。最北面的两庑中，珍藏着584块石碑，叫“玉虹楼”法贴，是孔子68代孙孔继涑收集了历代著名书法家的手迹慕刻而成，具有极高的艺术价值。

　　寝殿是供奉孔子夫人亓官氏的专祠。圣迹殿是明万历年间，根据司马迁<<史记.孔子世家>>编绘刻石的连环画，共有120幅。这是我国第一部有完整人物故事的连环画。

　　我们现在的位置是孔庙东路，这里当年为孔子故宅，这口水井为“孔子故宅井”，是当年孔子饮水之井，后人称为“圣水”。亭内的碑有乾隆“饮水拜师”和“故宅井赞”，乾隆8次来曲阜，竟有他5次题字。后面这座红色墙壁叫“鲁壁”，在秦始皇焚书坑儒时，孔子9世孙孔鲋把<<论语>>等经典藏在此壁内，墙壁倒塌后被人发现，孔子经典方才留传于世。

　　这座殿堂叫“诗礼堂”，是当年孔子教儿子学诗学礼的地方，堂前有两棵宋代银杏树，当初孔府曾用这棵树的果实做菜，名叫“诗礼银杏”大家在品尝孔府菜时，千万不要忘了点这道菜，因为此菜的出处就在这个地方。

　　孔庙是一个巨大的文化博物馆，我们匆匆看一次，只可窥见一斑。不能观其全貌，尤其是不能会其神韵，那就留待各位以后再来时细细品味吧。下面我们参观孔府。

　　孔府即“衍圣公府”，也是世界文化遗产之一，全国重点文物保护单位。孔府大门与孔庙仅一墙之隔。孔府共占地240亩，有厅、堂、楼、房463间，在路布局，九进院落，东路为“东学”，西路为“西学”供游人游览的主要是中路。

　　“衍圣公”是北宋至和二年(公元1055年)宋仁宗赐给孔子46代孙孔宗愿的封号，这一封号子孙相继，整整袭封了32代，历时880多年。远在这封号之前，自西汉以后，历代封建王朝就给予孔子后代众多封赐，汉代曾封孔子后代为“奉礼君”“关内候”，魏晋南北朝又封“宗圣候、崇圣大夫”;唐朝封“文宣公”;宋代封“衍圣公”，到民国孔子77代孔德成时，改称“奉礼官”。“衍圣公”是我国封建社会享有特权的大贵族，被称为“天下第一家”，在明代，不仅班列群官之上，还特许在紫禁城骑马等。孔子的嫡系长支大多住在孔府，一直到1948年孔子77代孙孔德成离开曲阜，迁至中国台湾。

　　孔府大门上方高悬蓝底金字“圣府”二字。有趣的是门两边这幅对联：上联是“与国咸休安富尊荣公府第”，“富”字缺上面一“点”，寓“富不到顶”，下联为“同天并老文章道德圣人家”，“章”字一竖直通“立字”，寓“文章通天”。“与国咸休”“同天并老”，这是多大的气派!

　　孔府二门里，这座独具风格的门叫“恩赐重光门”，过去只有帝王大典、迎接“圣旨”时，此门才在13声炮声中徐徐启开，此门又称“仪门”或“塞门”。过去，一般官宦人家是不允许建的，只有封爵的邦君才能有其殊荣。

　　这个院子两侧的厅房，各挂有一个牌子，是孔府仿照建王朝六部而设的六厅，即管色厅、百户厅、典籍厅、司乐厅、知印厅、掌书厅。

　　孔府“大堂”，是“衍圣公”宣读圣旨、接见官员、审理重大案件，举行重大仪式的地方。正中太师椅上，披铺斑斓虎皮，长桌上置文房四宝、印章令箭，两旁摆满各种兵器、更鼓、云牌、龙旗、官衔木牌，象征着孔府的种.种特权，甚是威严。

　　二堂，也叫后厅，是当年衍圣公会见四品以上官员的地方，里面的石碑和牌匾是清朝光绪、慈祥太后等封赐给衍圣公及夫人的。二堂东边为启事厅，为正四品官，负责上传下达，西边为伴官厅，为正七品，据说，过去官员赴京朝拜天子，一般只允许一主两伴，而只有“衍圣公”可以一主四伴。

　　三堂，也叫退厅，也是衍圣公私设公堂，处理家庭内部事务的场所。以上三个大堂，层层叠进，很是森严，足显出孔府的圣威和显赫。

　　三堂过后，我们进入“内宅”，在过去，内宅绝对不许擅入，有皇帝赐给的虎尾棍、燕翅镗、金头玉棍，由十几人轮流把守，有不遵令入内者，“打死勿论”。内宅门西边这个水槽叫石流，过去挑水夫不得进入内宅，只把水倒进石流，淌入内宅。

　　内宅门的内壁上画着一个形似麒麟的动物，叫“贪”，是传说中的贪婪之兽，能吞下金银财宝，你看它连八仙的宝物都吃掉了，还要去吃太阳。据说当年“衍圣公”出门时，都要驻足观看此画，并有人喊“过贪门”，以戒要清正廉洁，不要贪脏枉法。这对于我们现在的官员和“公仆”们，是不是也有借鉴和启发呢?

　　这是前上房，有正厅7间，是孔府主人接待至亲和朋友的地方，当年孔府戏班在此演戏，东侧间有乾隆皇帝送给孔府的荆根床，桌上有同治皇帝圣旨原件，中间是404件满汉全席餐具，菜多达196道，可想孔府菜之丰盛。西里间，为衍圣公签阅文件之处。

　　前堂楼是七间二层楼阁，富丽堂皇，室内陈设布置，全为当年原貌，内有珍奇书画墨宝、古玩衣冠，里套间为孔子后代孔令贻夫人陶氏卧室，这是孔德成先生的生母，至今尚有她的照片，她原是孔府丫环，后被纳妾，生下孔德成，但被陶氏害死。西套间是孔令贻另一夫人丰氏的卧室，此人一生无声无息，27岁就死去了。

　　这个院子是后堂楼，各有配楼三间，后堂楼是孔德成先生当年结婚的地方，堂中陈列着当年结婚的用品和名人赠送的礼品和题字。孔德成结婚时，正值西安事变期间，本来蒋介石先生要亲自参加婚礼，但遭到抗日将领张学良、杨虎成的逮捕，自然，他也就不能参加这最后一代衍圣公的隆重婚礼了。

　　我们现在参观孔府后花园，它建于明弘治16年(公元1503年),由吏部尚书太子太傅,也是孔子62代孙衍圣公孔闻韶的亲家李东阳设计监工建造的,到了明嘉靖年间,太子太傅、吏部尚书、当朝权臣严嵩又助修建，严嵩的孙女嫁给了孔子64代衍圣公孔尚贤为一品夫人。到了清代，乾隆将自己的女儿嫁给了72代衍圣公孔宪培，又为修建孔府花园大动土木，经过前后三次大修，花园成了现在的规模，面积比北京故宫的花园还要大些。这里面有各种奇花异草，古树名石如“五柏抱槐”“太湖石假山”等，请各位随意观赏一下。

　　孔府存有大量无比珍贵的文物，尤其是十余万卷孔府档案，更是稀世文物，为了保护这些文物，在李瑞环同志特此下，拨款修建了孔府档案馆，现在，这些文物和档案得到了很好的保存。

三孔导游词 篇25

　　Ladies and gentlemen!

　　Hello everyone! My name is Yiming. I'm your guide. Today, I will take youto visit the "three Confucius": Confucius' mansion, Confucius' temple andConfucius' forest.

　　Sage Confucius has a famous saying: "it's a pleasure to have friends fromafar." I'm very happy to be a tour guide. I will try my best to serve you.Please criticize and correct the shortcomings.

　　Before visiting Sankong, please allow me to introduce Qufu. Qufu is locatedat the junction of Luzhong district and southwest plain of Shandong Province. LiBai, a great poet, once described Qufu as "laughing and boasting of old friends,pointing to a desperate situation, with mountains and waters as green asorchids". Now let's visit the Confucius Temple. Confucius Temple is located inthe center of Qufu City. It is a charming building built by ancient people forthe great thought and broad spiritual quality of Confucius. It covers an area of327.5 mu, with a length of 1 km from north to south. There are 466 buildings and54 gateways. In addition, there are more than 1700 ancient trees in the temple,one by one rushing into the sky. It is said that anyone who dares to cut downone will be beheaded. Every tree, every door's name contains the thought ofConfucius' benevolence.

　　The Confucius Mansion is adjacent to the Confucius Temple. It is theresidence of the eldest son of the sage Confucius. It has three roads and ninecourtyards. It has 463 buildings and a back garden, covering an area of 240 mu.Confucius Mansion, also known as "Yansheng mansion". "Yan Sheng" means that"Sheng Dao" and "Sheng Yi" can reproduce and continue,

　　After entering the gate of Confucius' mansion, there are three roads to theback of Confucius' mansion. On the East Road, there are Yiguan hall, muen hall,Confucius' family temple, etc.; on the West Road, there are red calyx hall,Zhongshu hall, Anhuai hall, flower hall, etc.; on the Middle Road, there are themain buildings of Confucius' mansion, the first half of which is the governmentoffice, and the second half is the inner house.

　　Konglin is a special cemetery for the family of Confucius, the oldest andlargest family cemetery in the world. It covers an area of more than 3000 mu.The surrounding walls are 3 meters high, 1.5 meters thick and 14.5 Li long.There are more than 100000 trees and hundreds of plants in the forest. Among thetrees, there are many steles and statues, which are very spectacular.

　　Now free activity for 3 hours, you can visit the "three holes" by yourself,you can also play games, picnics and other activities, but you must ensurehealth.

　　This is the end of the visit to "three holes".

三孔导游词 篇26

　　Shandong, one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese culture, is a greatland with not only famous mountains and rivers, but also splendid civilizationin the long history of civilization. There are numerous places of interest andscenic spots in Shandong.

　　Dear tourists, ladies and gentlemen, you have worked hard all the way.Welcome to the Confucius Temple.

　　Dear tourist friends, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Qufu, Confucius'hometown, and thank you for choosing me as your guide. I'm Zhang, a tour guideof __ travel agency in Qufu. You can call me Xiao Zhang or Zhang Dao. Confuciushas a famous saying: "it's a pleasure to have friends from afar." Now let mefeel happy to meet new friends and provide you with tour guide service.

　　Confucius Temple is a ritual temple for Confucius. Confucius is a famousthinker and educator at the end of the spring and Autumn Period in China, and isrespected as the founder of the Confucian school. According to records,Confucius was born on the top of the polder, like the shape of Niqiu mountain,so because of the name Qiu, the word Zhongni.

　　In his life of hard exploration of social practice, Confucius deeplyunderstood and understood the society at that time, gradually established thebasic system of Confucianism, and became a famous political theorist, educatorand thinker at that time. The Confucianism he founded has a great influence inthe history of China and even the world. In the second year after Confucius died(478 BC), Duke AI of Lu changed the hall where Confucius lived to "longevityhall". There were three houses, which displayed "clothes, crowns, Qin, Che, Shu"used by Confucius, and "because they thought they were temples, they wereworshipped when they were old", that is, they offered sacrifices on time everyyear. Although Confucius was a well-known academic master at that time,Confucianism was only a school, and Confucius was not in a high position, so theoriginal Confucius Temple was only the former residence of Confucius. After theHan Dynasty, the status of Confucius and Confucianism gradually improved.

　　According to records, from 220 A.D. to the time before liberation, theConfucius Temple was rebuilt and expanded for more than 70 times. After morethan 20__ years of reconstruction and expansion, the Confucius Temple in Qufuformed a large-scale ancient architectural complex. It covers an area of about140000 square meters, including 466 halls, pavilions, 54 gates and 17 stelepavilions. With its large scale, the Palace Museum and Chengde Mountain Resortare known as the three major ancient architectural complexes in China.

　　The overall layout of Confucius Temple is a long-term development ofConfucius' former residence, which has a history of more than 2400 years. Thearchitectural effect pursued by the development of Confucius Temple is achievedthrough the environment created by the whole building complex to set off thegreat achievements of Confucius and the profound and extensive of Confucianismand Taoism. Therefore, the artistic expression of Confucius temple architectureis firstly the integrity of its overall layout and architectural sequence;secondly, the treatment of its individual buildings and the pattern of eachcourtyard, and each hall, hall, building, door and pavilion fully shows theirrespective important role; The third is the subtle aspects of individualarchitecture, which fully reflects the unparalleled artistic achievements ofChinese ancient architects in design and construction. In the aspect of overallarchitecture, Confucius Temple adopts the ancient traditional palace stylearchitecture. However, it has been rebuilt and expanded for many times inhistory. When it is rebuilt and expanded, it is bound to be limited by theshape, scale and other factors of the previous Confucian temple. However, thearchitectural group of the Confucian temple finally successfully utilized theheritage of the previous generation, which not only reflects the continuation ofthe historical heritage, but also maintains its overall integrity. This uniquearchitectural form is caused by many factors. First of all, the Confucius Templeis an extension of the former residence of Confucius, which preserves manyhistorical sites related to Confucius, such as the old house well, poetry hall,Lubi, Jinsi hall, and the apricot altar built to commemorate Confucius'lectures; second, the Royal ancestral temple factors, such as the halberdsystem, the front hall and the back bedroom system; third, the palace factors,such as the five gate system of the emperor, the turret system of the RoyalCity, the East and West Huamen, etc; The fourth is the factors of clan andfamily temples, such as Qisheng temple, Chongsheng temple, family temple, etc.;the fifth is the factors of sacrifice. In addition to Confucius, Sipei andtwelve philosophers, there are also sages, Confucians and ancestors, with atotal number of more than 200 people. In order to accommodate a large number ofworshippers, it is necessary to set up veranda, thus forming veranda courtyard.In addition to the above factors, it also highlights the sage status ofConfucius and the sanctity of Confucius and Mencius, such as panchi, Bishui,memorial archway and so on, and symbolizes Confucius' great academicachievements with the book building. Confucius Temple has successfully used thetraditional combination of courtyard and environment, and achieved the purposeof rendering Confucius' outstanding contribution in academic and education andhis lofty position in ancient society. It is a unique architectural form inancient Chinese architectural complex.

　　There are more than 1200 ancient trees in the Confucius Temple, whichreflect each other with the magnificent buildings. Especially in summer,thousands of egrets live on the ancient trees, forming another unique landscapeof the Confucius Temple. Egrets have been designated as city birds by QufuCity.

　　Wanren palace wall

　　Jin Sheng Yu Zhen Fang

　　Jinshengyuzhen square was built in 1538, the 17th year of Jiajing reign ofMing Dynasty. The four characters of "jinshengyuzhen" are written by Huzuanzong, a scholar of Ming Dynasty. On the square, there is a light carvedcloud dragon playing with pearls. On the top of each column, there is a roundcarving "ward off evil spirits", commonly known as "chaotianhou". Behind thesquare, there is a single hole stone bridge, on which there is a dragon, named"Panshui bridge". Under the bridge, the upstream of panshuiyuan is connectedwith gupanchi, and the downstream flows through the South Gate of Ming CityXishuimen enters the moat. The bridge was built in the 16th year of the reign ofEmperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1677 AD).

　　The four characters of "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen" come from "Mencius · Wan ZhangXia", Mencius said: "Confucius is called jidacheng. He who has achieved greatsuccess has a golden voice and a jade. The first is the sound of gold, and thelast is the sound of jade. " It means that Confucius is a master of sages andsages. The original meaning of "Jin Sheng" refers to the sound of "Zhong", anancient musical instrument in China. The original meaning of "Yu Zhen" refers tothe sound of "Qing", an ancient musical instrument in China. Mencius comparesConfucius' thought to a perfect music. Here, to borrow Mencius' meaning, itmeans that Confucius' thought is perfect and integrates the achievements ofancient sages to reach the top.

　　Lattice star gate

　　Lingxing gate was built in the 13th year of Yongle (AD 1415) of MingDynasty. It was originally made of wood. In the 19th year of Qianlong (AD 1754)of Qing Dynasty, it was replaced by stone pillars and iron beams when KongZhaohuan rebuilt the Confucius Temple. On the top of the four pillars are thefour generals, and on the middle beam are the fire pearls, which symbolizes thatthe gate is guarded by the generals and becomes a towering gate.

　　Lingxing, namely Tiantian star, was first seen in the historical data ofthe Han Emperor Gaozu's order to worship Lingxing. The ancients believed thatLingxing was a star that "the LORD was honored by the scholars" and wasspecially in charge of officials. In the sixth year of emperor Renzong of SongDynasty (A.D. 1028), a Lingxing gate was built on the outer wall of theplatform, which was like a window lattice. There is a gate in the ConfuciusTemple, which means to worship Confucius as heaven. This can be seen in therecords of JINGDING Jiankang and Jinling Xinzhi of Song Dynasty. In addition,there is a inscription in the Confucius Temple: the Lingxing gate is set up to"dredge it to accommodate the corporal". Wherever there is a Lingxing gate, itsdoor leaf must be made of lattice structure, so it has the meaning of dredge.The Confucius temple takes this meaning to attract scholars from all over theworld to study here.

　　In feudal society, all the officials who came to Qufu to offer sacrificesto Confucius, regardless of their positions, had to get off the sedan chair anddismount the military officials to show their respect for Confucius. Thismonument was first erected in the second year of the reign of emperor Mingchangof Jin Dynasty (1191 AD), and now only one is left in the East.

　　Taihe Yuanqi square

　　Taihe Yuanqi square was built in the 23rd year of Jiajing in the MingDynasty (1544 A.D.), which is of stone structure. "Taihe Yuanqi" was written bythe governor of Shandong at that time.

　　"Taihe" refers to the combination of heaven and earth, sun and moon, andYin and Yang. "Yuanqi" originally means the original material that forms theworld. Later, some materialists called the five elements "Yuanqi" as "gold,wood, water, fire and earth". Everything in the world is composed of fiveelements. Here, "Yuanqi" is the combination of heaven and earth, sun and moon,and Yin and Yang, which is the basis for the growth of all things. "Taihe Qi"means that Confucius thought embodies the essence and the most noble aspect ofhuman thought. It can make human thought reach a supreme position as theuniverse produces everything.

　　After Yuanqi square of Taihe, there was the "Zhisheng Temple" square,formerly known as the "Xuansheng Temple" square. There was no record of itsfounding date. There was a "Xuansheng Temple" square on the temple map in the16th year of Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty (AD 1503). In 1729 ad, Xuansheng temple waschanged to Zhisheng temple. This square is white marble. "Zhi" meanssupreme.

　　"Demou heaven and earth, Daoguan ancient and modern" means that Confuciuscontributed as much to mankind as heaven and earth. Confucius thought isunprecedented, and is supreme in both ancient and modern times and in thefuture.

　　Holy time gate

　　Shengshimen, originally the main gate of Confucius Temple, was built in the13th year of Yongle (AD 1415) of Ming Dynasty, expanded in the 12th year ofHongzhi (AD 1499), and named "shengshimen" by Emperor Shizong of Qing Dynasty inthe 8th year of Yongzheng (AD 1730). The gate is built on a high platform, andthere are reliefs on the front and rear Royal Roads respectively. It is carvedin the Ming Dynasty. "Shengshimen" was written by Emperor Gaozong of QingDynasty.

　　The word "Shengshi" comes from Mencius. After comparing four ancientChinese sages, Mencius pointed out: "Boyi is the sage of Qing Dynasty; Yiyin isthe sage of Ren Dynasty; liuxiahui is the sage of harmony; Confucius is the sageof time". Yi Yin helped Tang exterminate Xia Jie, assisted Wai Bing after Tangdied, and established Tang sun Tai Jia to ascend the throne after Zhong Rendied. Because Tai Jia destroyed Tang FA, he was banished by Yi Yin. Three yearslater, Tai Jia repented and Yi Yin took him back. Mencius called Yi Yin thesage; Liu Xiahui was a senior official of the state of Lu in the spring andAutumn period. He had been demoted three times and remained in office. Whenasked why he didn't leave, he replied, "how can we go straight and serve people?Why should we go to our parents' country if we do wrong?" later, when Qiattacked Lu, he sent people to Qi to persuade him to withdraw. Without a singlesoldier, he withdrew from Qi's army, so Mencius said that he was the Holy One.By comparison, Mencius believes that Confucius is the sage of the time, the sageof the whole time, is the most suitable sage of the times, no matter in anyperiod, any dynasty, Confucius thought should become orthodox thought.

　　Bishui Bridge

　　When you enter the Shengshi gate, it suddenly opens. In the large squarecourtyard, there are towering ancient trees, fragrant grass, symmetrical Eastand West, each with a waist gate. The three arch bridges on the opposite sidecover the Bishui, and half cover the Hongdao gate. In addition, the stone bonsaiis decorated on it. It makes people relaxed and happy, and they are all moved.They suddenly feel that they have entered the realm of "God". Those who worshipthe saints will look up to the top, and those who watch will see it first.Connected with this situation, the east side of the waist gate is called "quickview", and the west side of the waist gate is called "Yang Gao". "Kuai Kan"means seeing first, while "Yanggao" comes from the Analects of Confucius ·Zihan. It means that Confucius' way is high and unfathomable. Looking up, thehigher you look, the higher you study Confucius' thoughts and theories. Once youenter the door, you will feel that there is no end to what you learn. These twogates were built in the 12th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1499 AD). In thepast, only the emperor could go through the main gate for sacrifice, and mostpeople could only enter the temple through the Yanggao gate.

　　In front of a water across, three bridges longitudinal span, ring water hascarved stone column, because the water "around such as Bi" named "Bi water".There is Jinshui in front of Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, where Bishui meansConfucius Temple is the same as the Imperial Palace, so the third bridge isnamed Bishui bridge. It was first built in the 13th year of Yongle (AD 1415) ofMing Dynasty. In the 12th year of Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty (AD 1499), stonerailings were added. The river body was built with a river bottom. The originalriver was built with small walls. In the 16th year of Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (AD1677), the small walls were changed into stone railings.

　　Hongdaomen

　　Hongdaomen was built in 1377, the 10th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty. Itwas the main gate of Confucius Temple at that time. When the Confucius Templewas rebuilt in Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt into five rooms.In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730 A.D.), Emperor Yongzheng designated it as"Hongdao gate". Later, Emperor Qianlong inscribed the word "Hongdao" and erecteda plaque on the gate.

　　There are two stone steles under hongdaomen. The East stele is the "historyof Qufu county" carved in Yuan Dynasty, which records the history of Qufu beforeYuan Dynasty and has high historical value. Xibei is the epitaph of Mr. ChushiWang in Yuan Dynasty, which is of great calligraphy value. The two steles wereoriginally erected in Jiuxian village in the east of Qufu City and moved to theConfucius Temple in 1964.

　　Da Zhong men

　　Dazhongmen is the main gate of Confucius Temple in Song Dynasty. It wasbuilt in Song Dynasty and rebuilt in 1499. The three character plaque of"dazhongmen" was written by Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty.

　　There are three green tile corner buildings on both sides of the Dazhonggate. The two corner buildings are built on the square high platform in theshape of a curved ruler. The rectangular outline formed by the two cornerbuildings and the East and west corner buildings behind the Confucius Temple isthe outline of the Confucius Temple in the yuan Dynasty. The main buildings inthe Confucius Temple are within this outline. The turret was built in 1331 A.D.in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty. The corner tower of Confucius Temple ismodeled on the corner tower of Imperial City, which means that Confucius Templeis as majestic as imperial palace.

　　Tongwenmen was built in Song Dynasty. It was originally three rooms, andexpanded to five rooms in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty. It was called"shentongmen" in the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, and changed totongwenmen in the seventh year of Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty (1729 AD). Thisdoor is a single door, no wall on the left and right. In the past, intraditional Chinese palace style architecture, small buildings were often usedas barriers before the main building to show solemnity. Tongwen gate acted as abarrier for Kuiwen Pavilion. "Tongwenmen" was written by Emperor Gaozong of QingDynasty.

　　Kuiwen Pavilion

　　Kuiwenge, formerly known as the library, was built in the Song Dynasty withfive double eaves. In the sixth year of jinmingchang (AD 1195), it was changedinto three eaves and was named "kuiwenge". In the 17th year of Hongzhi in MingDynasty (1504 AD), it was changed into seven rooms. Emperor Qianlong of Gaozongof Qing Dynasty inscribed a plaque on the pavilion.

　　Kuiwen Pavilion is 30.1 meters wide from east to west, 17.62 meters deepfrom north to south, and 23.35 meters high. It has triple cornices, four layersof brackets, and eight octagonal stone columns under the eaves. The internalstructure is a laminated wooden frame, with two layers of Pavilion and a darklayer in the middle.

　　Kui, the name of the star. One of the 28 sleepers. It is said that it isthe head of the white tiger in the west, with a total of 16 stars, "buckled andhooked, like a painting of words". In the book of filial piety, it is said that"the article of Kui master", and later generations further described Kui star as"the head of civil servants". Therefore, in order to praise Confucius as a civilservant, Jin Zhangzong named the original library Kuiwen Pavilion.

　　Kuiwen pavilion has experienced hundreds of years of ups and downs andhundreds of earthquakes since it was expanded in 1504. In the West Pavilion,there is a tablet recording a major earthquake in the Kangxi period of QingDynasty, "nine houses in the world, one in the world". That is to say, 90% ofthe houses collapsed and Kuiwen pavilion was safe and sound. By the early 1980s,Kuiwen Pavilion had been in disrepair for many years. Some of the wood wasrotten and the top of the pavilion was twisted. Under the leadership of theState Administration of cultural relics, experts on ancient buildings wereorganized to work out a restoration plan. More than 1.2 million yuan wasallocated to renovate Kuiwen Pavilion one year ahead of the original schedule.The renovated Kuiwen pavilion has completely maintained its originalspecifications and style.

　　There are two stone tablets in the East and west of kuiwenge corridor.Kuiwenge Fu in the East is written by Li Dongyang, a famous poet in MingDynasty, and Qiao Zong, a famous calligrapher. In the west is kuiwenge resetbooks record, which records that in 1511, Liu Liu and Liu Qi led the peasantuprising army to capture Qufu and occupy the Confucius Temple. After they burnedkuiwenge's books, the emperor ordered the Ministry of rites to issue imperialbooks. In the late Qing Dynasty, the collection of books in Kuiwen pavilion wasmoved to Confucius' residence for preservation.

　　Kuiwen Pavilion is now on display with the pictures of Confucius' holyrelics

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